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- To examine adolescent substance abuse, Li, Pentz, and Chou (2002) surveyed 1,807 middle school students from 57 schools. The results showed that a greater risk of adolescent substance abuse was associated with increasing numbers of parents and friends who were sub- stance abusers. However, friends’ use did not affect adolescent substance abuse when parents were nonusers. Is this an example of a research design?Mood variation is related to photoperiod in some people, and the likelihood of depression increases in the winter months. As a result, people often assume that suicide rates increase in winter. A study in Finland (Valtonen et al. 2006) divided the year 1997 into equal halves and compared the number of suicides in “winter” (24 September to 19 March) and “summer” (remainder of year). Out of a total of 1636 suicides, 766 were in winter and 870 were in the summer. Based on these data, estimate the proportion of suicides that occurred in winter, assuming that the suicides were independent. Are the data compatible with a greater suicide rate in winter than summer, based on a 95% confidence interval?Suppose that you are asked to conduct a study to determine whether smaller class sizes lead to improved student performance of fourth graders.(i) If you could conduct any experiment you want, what would you do? Be specific.(ii) More realistically, suppose you can collect observational data on several thousand fourth graders in a given state. You can obtain the size of their fourth-grade class and a standardized test score taken at the end of fourth grade. Why might you expect a negative correlation betweenclass size and test score?(iii) Would a negative correlation necessarily show that smaller class sizes cause betterperformance? Explain.
- A report states that the cost of repairing a hybrid vehicle is falling even while typical repairs on conventional vehicles are getting more expensive. The most common hybrid repair, replacing the hybrid inverter assembly, had a mean repair cost of $3,927 in 2012. Industry experts suspect that the cost will continue to decrease given the increase in the number of technicians who have gained expertise on fixing gas-electric engines in recent months. Suppose a sample of 100 hybrid inverter assembly repairs completed in the last month was selected. The sample mean repair cost was $3,750 with the sample standard deviation of $600. Determine the p-value and interpret its meaning.A report states that the cost of repairing a hybrid vehicle is falling even while typical repairs on conventional vehicles are getting more expensive. The most common hybrid repair, replacing the hybrid inverter assembly, had a mean repair cost of $3,927 in 2012. Industry experts suspect that the cost will continue to decrease given the increase in the number of technicians who have gained expertise on fixing gas-electric engines in recent months. Suppose a sample of 100 hybrid inverter assembly repairs completed in the last month was selected. The sample mean repair cost was $3,750 with the sample standard deviation of $600. Is there sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis using α=0.10? Choose one of the following. -Reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence at the 0.10 level of significance that the population mean cost is less than $3,927. - Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is insufficient evidence at the 0.10 level of significance that the…A report states that the cost of repairing a hybrid vehicle is falling even while typical repairs on conventional vehicles are getting more expensive. The most common hybrid repair, replacing the hybrid inverter assembly, had a mean repair cost of $3,927 in 2012. Industry experts suspect that the cost will continue to decrease given the increase in the number of technicians who have gained expertise in fixing gas-electric engines in recent months. Suppose a sample of 100 hybrid inverter assembly repairs completed in the last month was selected. The sample means repair cost was $3,750 with the sample standard deviation of $600. Find the test statistic for this hypothesis test. tStat=____ Is there sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis using α=0.05? A. Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is insufficient evidence at the 0.05 level of significance that the population mean cost is greater than $3,927. B. Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is…
- The authors of the paper "Length of Stay, Wait Time to Surgery and 30-Day Mortality for Patients with Hip Fractures After Opening of a Dedicated Orthopedic Weekend Trauma Room"† were interested in estimating the mean time that patients who broke a hip had to wait for surgery after the opening of a new hospital facility. They reported that for a representative sample of 204 people with a fractured hip, the sample mean time between arriving at the hospital and surgery to repair the hip was 28.5 hours and that the sample standard deviation of the wait times was 16.8 hours. If we had access to the raw data (the 204 individual wait-time observations), we might begin by looking at a boxplot. The authors of the paper commented that there were several outliers in the data set, which might cause us to question the normality of the wait-time distribution, but because the sample size is large, it is still appropriate to use the t confidence interval. We can use the confidence interval of this…The authors of the paper "Length of Stay, Wait Time to Surgery and 30-Day Mortality for Patients with Hip Fractures After Opening of a Dedicated Orthopedic Weekend Trauma Room"† were interested in estimating the mean time that patients who broke a hip had to wait for surgery after the opening of a new hospital facility. They reported that for a representative sample of 204 people with a fractured hip, the sample mean time between arriving at the hospital and surgery to repair the hip was 28.5 hours and that the sample standard deviation of the wait times was 16.8 hours. If we had access to the raw data (the 204 individual wait-time observations), we might begin by looking at a boxplot. The authors of the paper commented that there were several outliers in the data set, which might cause us to question the normality of the wait-time distribution, but because the sample size is large, it is still appropriate to use the t confidence interval. We can use the confidence interval of this…