(True/False) Scientists have now been able to use the genomic data to determine whether a particular DNA segement can be used to profile similarity/difference among a population. In addition to the traditional definition of alleles, which are derived from a gene; the SNP/haplotype variation derived from the inter-gene area sometimes is also called an "allele". O True False

(True/False) Scientists have now been able to use the genomic data to determine whether a particular DNA segement can be used to profile similarity/difference among a population. In addition to the traditional definition of alleles, which are derived from a gene; the SNP/haplotype variation derived from the inter-gene area sometimes is also called an "allele". O True False

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter19: Evolutionary Change In Populations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 19TYU

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For each of the following genetic topics, indicate whether it focuses on transmission genetics, molecular genetics, or population genetics. a. Analysis of pedigrees to determine the probability of someone inheriting a traitb. Study of people on a small island to determine why a genetic form of asthma is prevalent on the islandc. Effect of nonrandom mating on the distribution of genotypes among a group of animals d. Examination of the nucleotide sequences found at the ends of chromosomese. Mechanisms that ensure a high degree of accuracy in DNA replicationf. Study of how the inheritance of traits encoded by genes on sex chromosomes (sex-linked traits) differs from the inheritance of traits encoded by genes on nonsex chromosomes (autosomal traits)
The distance between two molecular markers that are linked alongthe same chromosome can be determined by analyzing the outcomesof crosses. This can be done in humans by analyzing a family’spedigree. However, the accuracy of linkage mapping in humanpedigrees is fairly limited because the number of people in mostfamilies is relatively small. As an alternative, researchers cananalyze a population of sperm, produced from a single male, andcompute linkage distance in this manner. As an example, let’ssuppose a male is heterozygous for two polymorphic STSs. STS-1exists in two sizes: 234 bp and 198 bp. STS-2 also exists in twosizes: 423 bp and 322 bp. A sample of sperm was collected fromthis man, and individual sperm were placed into 40 separate tubes.In other words, there was one sperm in each tube. Believe it or not,PCR is sensitive enough to allow analysis of DNA in a single sperm!Into each of the 40 tubes were added the primers that amplify STS-1and STS-2, and then the samples were…
. Consider the genotypes of two lines of chickens: thepure-line mottled Honduran is i/i ; D/D ; M/M ; W/W, andthe pure-line leghorn is I/I ; d/d ; m/m ; w/w, whereI = white feathers, i = colored feathersD = duplex comb, d = simplex combM = bearded, m = beardlessW = white skin, w = yellow skinThese four genes assort independently. Starting withthese two pure lines, what is the fastest and mostconvenient way of generating a pure line that has coloredfeathers, has a simplex comb, is beardless, and has yellowskin? Make sure that you showa. the breeding pedigree.b. the genotype of each animal represented.c. how many eggs to hatch in each cross, and why thisnumber.d. why your scheme is the fastest and the mostconvenient
The following are three possible combinations of DNAcharacteristics that may be found in an individual’sgenetic profile. Using the product rule, rank each ofthese combinations of DNA characteristics from mostcommon to least common. The number after each characteristic indicates its percentage distribution in thepopulation.a. FGA 24,24 (3.6%), TH01 6,8 (8.1%), and D16S53911,12 (8.9%)b. vWA 14,19 (6.2%), D21S11 30,30 (3.9%), andD13S317 12,12 (8.5%)c. CSF1PO 9,10 (11.2%), D18S51 14,17 (2.8%), andD8S1179 17,18 (6.7%)
Gene dosage is important for a number of genetic phenomenon. Name two and explain their relationship to the genotype and phenotype observed.
Choose the phrase from the right column that best fitsthe term in the left column.a. DNA polymorphism 1. DNA element composed of shorttandemly repeated sequencesb. phase 2. two different nucleotides appearat the same position in genomicDNA from different individualsc. informative cross 3. arrangement of alleles of twolinked genes in a diploidd. ASO 4. location on a chromosomee. SNP 5. a DNA sequence that occurs intwo or more variant formsf. DNA fingerprinting 6. a short oligonucleotide that willhybridize to only one allele at achosen SNP locusg. SSR 7. detection of genotype at anumber of unlinked highlypolymorphic locih. locus 8. allows identification of a gamete asrecombinant or nonrecombinanti. compound 9. all exons in a genomeheterozygotej. exome 10. individual with two differentmutations in the same gene
When comparing genomes from 2 different organisms, "regions of synteny" refers to...• Whether the number of chromosomes is similar• blocks of sequence where the same genes are present in the same order• Alleles that are inherited together without following the Law of Independent Assortment• Segments that contain genes present in one organism but absent in the other• Regions with 100% sequence similarity
The following shows the results of DNA profiling from a rape case. The evidence sample (S) consists of a mixture of DNA from the victim (V) and the DNA of the rapist(s). DNA is taken from four likely suspects (who were present at the same party as the victim on the night of the crime), Alan (A), Brad (B), Charle (C), and Don (D). The results of typing for two different polymorphic loci are shown. 1)Which person is homozygous for locus 1? A. Alan B. Brad C. Charlie D. Don E. Victim
Which of the following statements about molecular markersare true?A. All molecular markers are segments of DNA that carryspecific genes.B. A molecular marker is a segment of DNA that is found at aspecific location in a genome.C. We can follow the transmission of a molecular marker byanalyzing the phenotype (i.e., the physical characteristics)of offspring.D. We can follow the transmission of molecular markers usingmolecular techniques such as gel electrophoresis.E. An STS is a molecular marker.
The distance between two molecular markers that are linked alongthe same chromosome can be determined by analyzing the outcomesof crosses. This can be done in humans by analyzing a family’spedigree. However, the accuracy of linkage mappingwith human pedigrees is fairly limited because the number of people in mostfamilies is relatively small. As an alternative, researchers can analyze a population of sperm, produced from a single male, and computelinkage distance in this manner. As an example, let’s suppose a maleis heterozygous for two polymorphic STSs. STS-1 exists in two sizes:234 bp and 198 bp. STS-2 also exists in two sizes: 423 bp and 322bp. A sample of sperm was collected from this man, and individualsperm were placed into 40 separate tubes. In other words, there wasone sperm in each tube. Believe it or not, PCR is sensitive enough toallow analysis of DNA in a single sperm! Into each of the 40 tubeswere added the primers that amplify STS-1 and STS-2, and then thesamples were…
DNA (haplotypes) originating from the Denisovans can be found in the genomes of Indigenous Australians and Melanesian Islanders. However, thesame DNA markers are not found in the genomes of people native to Africa. Explain.
During the resolution of polyploidy, the subgenomes must function as a single unit. This often results in at least partial dominance of one subgenome over the other. Sequencing of polyploid genomes has demonstrated that TE density is often negatively associated with dominance. If you were presented with data suggesting that a subgenome with higher TE density associated with gene space was dominant, how could you explain the results? Describe al follow up experiment.