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- The central ends of afferents from muscle spindles synapse with all the following types of neurons, except :-a- α-motor neurons of the same muscleb- γ-motor neurons of the same musclec- local interneuronsd- 2nd order neurons of ascending sensory pathwaysExplain why the ratio of motor neurons to muscle fibers isgreater in muscles that control eye movement than in posturalmuscles of the leg.Discharge from muscle spindles could be increased by all the following, except :-a- increased α-motor neuron dischargeb- increased γ-motor neuron dischargec- stretch of the intrafusal muscle fibersd- stretch of the extrafusal muscle fibers
- The nuclear-chain fibers of spindles are innervated by :-a- Aα and Aδ nerve fibersb- Aδ and C nerve fibersc- Ia and II nerve fibersd- only type II nerve fibersPost-rotational alteration of muscle tone :-a- results from altered pattern of macular dischargeb- maintains equilibrium during this phasec- results from increased discharge from the SCCs on both sidesd- results from increased discharge from the SCCs on opposite side of rotation.Both the withdrawal reflex and the Golgi tendon reflex involve sensory signals that ultimately control the same type ofmotor neurons and both are protective. Explain how one reflex can cause muscle contraction while the other causes musclerelaxation.
- FILL IN BLANKS smoothstriatedmany cellsone cell per fiberbranchedlong, straightspindle-shapedautorhythmicinvoluntary/autonomicvoluntary/somatic motorExaggeration of tendon jerks could result from any of the following conditions, except :-a- lesions of supraspinal facilitatory centersb- lesions of supraspinal inhibitory centersc- increased γ-motor neuron discharged- anxietyMyasthenia Gravis: flaccid paralysis Explain the physiologic basis of flaccid paralysis in myasthenia gravis.
- Using pyramidal motor tract as a template, describe the voluntary control of skeletal muscles being sure to use appropriate course terminology. Start from the very first neuron and end with neural innervation onto muscle fiber.Cell bodies of UMN that synapse on LMN lie in all of these areas EXCEPT a) Medulla b) Thalamus c) Pre-motor cortex d) Pons e) Primary motor cortexCell bodies of UMN that synapse on LMN lie in all of these areas EXCEPT a) Medulla b) Thalamus c) Pre-motor cortex Pons d) Primary motor cortex