uire a pollution permit for each tonne of pollution dumped into the river. The government will sell 40 pollution permits for $75 each. It costs Firm A $100 f ch tonne of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river, and it costs Firm B $50 for each tonne of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the er. Between the cost of permits and the cost of eliminating pollution, the likely outcome is Firm A spends and Firm B spends cros a. $4000; $3500 cros
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- Coyote Co. is building a waste landfill in the desert between Arizona and California. Coyote estimates that this landfill will be in operation for five years, will cost $250 million to build, and will generate $800 million in revenues during its useful life. Federal law requires that Coyote decommission and decontaminate the site at the end of its useful life. A team of engineers has studied the decontamination procedure and has estimated that Coyote will have to spend $15 million on the decommissioning process when the landfill is shut down in five years. Coyote’s credit-adjusted rate of interest is 10%. Use tables (PV of 1, PVAD of 1, and PVOA of 1) (Use the appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.) Required: 1-a. Prepare the entry required for the recognition of any ARO asset and liability. 1-b. Prepare an amortization table.On January 2, 2011, Blink Corporation was granted 5,000 acres of land in a village, located near the slums outside city limits, by a local government authority. The condition attached to this grant was that Blink Corporation should clean up this land and lay roads by employing laborers from the village in which the land is located. The government has fix the minimum wage payable to the workers. The entire operation will take three years and is estimated to cost P100,000,000. This amount will be spent in this way, P20,000,000 each in the first, P30,000,000 in the second years and P50,000,000 in the third year. The fair value of the land is currently P120,000,000. What portion of the grant is recognized for the year ended December 31, 2012?The Johnson Company pays $1700 a month to a trucker to haul wastepaper and cardboard to the city dump. The material could be recycled if the company were to buy a $48,000 hydraulic press baler and spend $21,000 a year for labor to operate the baler. The baler has an estimated useful life of 15 years and no salvage value. Strapping material would cost $1500 per year for the estimated 600 bales a year that would be produced. A wastepaper company will pick up the bales at the plant and pay Johnson $27 per bale for them. Use an annual cash flow analysis and an interest rate of 8% to recommend whether it is economical to install and operate the baler.
- An oil refinery finds that it is necessary to treat the waste liquids from a new process before discharging them into a stream. The treatment will cost $30,000 the first year, but process improvements will allow the costs to decline by $3,000 each year. As an alternative, an outside company will process the wastes for the fixed price of $15,000/year throughout the 12 year period, payable at the beginning of each year. Either way, there is no need to treat the wastes after 12 years. Use the annual worth method to determine how the wastes should be processed. The company's MARR is 5%. a) The AW of the in-house treatment is $ ? b) The AW of the outside treatment is $ ? c) The ? processing is the most economical alternative.An oil refinery finds that it is necessary to treat the waste liquids from a new process before discharging them into a stream. The treatment will cost $30,000 the first year, but process improvements will allow the costs to decline by $3,000 each year. As an alternative, an outside company will process the wastes for the fixed price of $15,000/year throughout the 10-year period, payable at the beginning of each year. Either way, there is no need to treat the wastes after 10 years. Use the annual worth method to determine how the wastes should be processed. The company’s MARR is 10%.The international environmental management standard ISO 14000 requires that Oliver, the pollution control officer of BUCENG, must install suitable pollution control equipment. He is considering two of them, one based on the principle of neutralization and the other of precipitation. They cost Php 7,500,000 and Php 4,500,000 respectively; both are expected to last 5 years and have salvage values of Php 1,500,000 and Php 1,050,000 respectively. The chemical needed for the neutralization-based equipment costs Php 500,000 per year, while for the other Php 950,000 per year. Their annual maintenance costs are Php 5,000 and Php 7,500 respectively. Develop a cashflow table to help Oliver visually compare the data pertaining to the two alternatives.
- The Johnson Company pays $1,650 a month to a trucker to haul wastepaper and cardboard to the city dump. The material could be recycled if the company were to buy a $50,000 press baler and spend $20,000 a year for one worker to operate the baler. The baler has an estimated useful life of 14 years, with no şalvage value. Strapping material would cost $1600 per year for the estimated 650 bails a year that would be produced. A wastepaper company will pick up the bales at the plant and pay Johnson for them. In order to justify the baler, how much should Johnson charge the wastepaper company for each bale? Use an interest rate of 8% per year.________.A southwestern city that has 170,000 households is required to install treatment systems for the removal of arsenic from drinking water. The annual cost is projected to be $50 per household per year. Assume that one life will be saved every three years as a result of the arsenic removal system andthat the EPA values a human life at $4.8 million. Use a discount rate of 8% per year and assume the life is saved at the end of each three-year period.Utilize a conventional B/C ratio to determine if the project is economically justified.Pollution control equipment must be purchased to remove the suspended organic material from liquid being discharged from a vegetable packing plant. Two alternative pieces of equipment are available that would accomplish the task. A Filterco unit costs $7000 and has a 5-year useful life. A Duro unit, on the other hand, costs $10,000 but will have a 10-year useful life. With inflation, equipment costs are rising at 5% per year, compounded annually, so when the Filterco unit needed to be replaced, the cost would be much more than $7000. Based on a 10year analysis period, and a 20% minimum attractive rate of return, which pollution control equipment should be purchased?
- The manager of a carpet manufacturing plant became concerned about theoperation of a critical pump in one of the processes. After discussing this situation with the supervisor of plant engineering, they decided that a replacement study should be done, and that a nine-year study period would be appropriate for this situation. The company that owns the plant is using a before-tax MARR of 10% per year for its capital investment projects. The existing pump, Pump A, including driving motor with integrated controls, cost $17,000 five years ago. An estimated MV of $750 could be obtained for the pump if it were sold now. Some reliability problems have been experienced with Pump A, including annual replacement of the impeller and bearings at a cost of $1,750. Annual operating and maintenance expenses have been averaging $3,250. Annual insurance and property tax expenses are 2% of the initial capital investment. It appears that the pump will provide adequate service for another nine years if the…BW Company has determined that it requires a new treatment facility that would clean polluted water waste from its production facilities. The Cabalo water treatment facility has an estimated useful life of 10 years and can purify that water by dispelling about a million gallons of toxic substances per year. Consider the other data below: Revenue Expenditures Salaries P300,000 Plant facility supplies 240,000 Interest Expense (6% of plant costs 216,000 Repairs and Maintenance (5% of plant costs) 180,000 Depreciation Expense 500,000 Capital Expenditures Plant Facilities P3,600,000 Construction Costs 1,000,000 Overhead 400,000 The company is considering an alternative proposal of creating for another plant facility – Gomez water treatment facility. Gomez plant can be acquired at a costs of P4,000,000. The Gomez facility proposed that 25% reduction in the plant facility supplies costs and salaries. Task:…Aerotron Electronics is considering the purchase of a water filtration system to assist in circuit board manufacturing. The system costs $40,000. It has an expected life of 7 years at which time its salvage value will be $7,500. Operating and maintenance expenses are estimated to be $2,000 per year. If the filtration system is not purchased, Aerotron Electronics will have to pay Bay City $12,000 per year for water purification. If the system is purchased, no water purification from Bay City will be needed. Aerotron Electronics must borrow half of the purchase price, but they cannot start repaying the loan for 2 years. The bank has agreed to three equal annual payments, with the first payment due at end of year 2. The loan interest rate is 8% compounded annually. Aerotron Electronics’ MARR is 10% compounded annually. Solve, a. What is the internal rate of return of this investment? b. What is the decision rule for judging the attractiveness of investments based on internal rate of…