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“Using efficiency as a criterion biases the analysis in favor of the status quo, since any change is certain to harm someone.” Discuss
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- How Bergson-Samuelson Social Welfare Function used in a model that considers a society's desire for both Pareto optimality and fairness, Mention all necessary assumptions and specify the conditions that ensure a general equilibrium and social welfareTwo men, Robinson Crusoe and Friday, have been marooned separately on the same deserted island. There are two activities each man can undertake to obtain food: fishing and gathering coconuts. Robinson Crusoe can catch 40 fish per hour or gather 10 coconuts per hour. Friday can catch 10 fish per hour or gather 8 coconuts per hour. Answer the following questions: A. Who is more efficient in each activity? Could either or both of them benefit from meeting and deciding to form a trading relationship? Explain intuitively. B. Robinson and Friday have not yet met. Robinson is working 2 hours a day and producing (and consuming) 48 fish and 8 coconuts (note: the fish are very small). Friday is also working 2 hours a day, but he is producing and consuming 15 fish and 4 coconuts. Now assume that Robinson and Friday meet and develop a trading relationship. Come up with a production and trading scheme such that they can each work the same amount per day as before, but each is better off…What factors determine whether a particular economic issue can be adequately analyzed by using a partial rather than a general equilibrium approach?
- Does the same principal-agent conflict exist when people donate other items such as bone marrow, blood, eggs, sperm? Please explain why or why not.When looking at the economics of marriage, how would a functionalist theorist and a social exchange theorist explain the benefits of marriage? (According to Kenneth Arrow, there are minimum conditions to which a social choice rule (constitution) needs to conform to in order to be ethically acceptable. Explain these conditions. Does majority decisions rule conform to Arrows conditions?
- Andy, Brad, and Carly are playing a new online video game: Zombie Civil War. Each has an army of 100 zombies and must decide how to allocate them to battle each of the other two players’ armies. Three simultaneous battles are occurring: one between Andy and Brad, one between Andy and Carly, and one between Brad and Carly. Let Ab denote how many zombie soldiers Andy allocates to his battle with Brad, with the remaining 100 - Ab soldiers in Andy’s zombie army assigned to the battle with Carly. Bc denotes the number of zombie soldiers that Brad allocates to his battle with Carly, and 100 - Bc zombies go to his battle with Andy. Ca is the the number of zombie soldiers that Carly allocates to the battle with Andy, and 100 - Ca in her battle with Brad. To see how payoffs are determined, consider Andy. If Ab > 100 - Bc, so that Andy has more zombies than Brad in the Andy-Brad battle, then Andy wins the battle and receives w points where w > 2. If Ab = 100 - Bc, so that Andy and Brad…Grapes and bananas are perfect complements for Jane and Betty. Jane eats one grape per three bananas.; Betty eats three grapes per one banana. Once they go to sports for hours, Jane had 20 grapes and 10 bananas and Betty had 10 grapes and 20 bananas. (assume that grapes and bananas can be divided into half) 1. Draw the Edgeworth box for Jane and Betty. Place Jane at the origin and Betty on the upside-down. Draw their endowment point. (Grape on the horizontal axis and banana on the vertical)Why do we use general equilibrium analysis rather than partial equilibrium analysis to study comparative advantage? Explain
- Where common pool resources exist, there is a case for government intervention to correct them. But under which conditions can we expect community-based solutions? What could the role of nudges be in this context? Discuss with reference to one or more examples.Define horizontal communication with example ?Four individuals who live around a camp are hosting separate chirstmas parties, and all are considering purchasing aerial fireworks; any fireworks purchased will be set off over the camp, and thus will be visible to everyone at all of the parties. Karl’s marginal benefit from having an additional package of fireworks (which includes the benefit to himself and all of his guests) is given by MBK = 300 – 5Q, Jessica is given by MBJ = 600 – 10Q, Lara’s is given by MBL = 900 – 15Q, and Emily’s is given by MBE = 1,200 – 20Q, where Q is the total number of packages of fireworks set off at all parties. Each package of fireworks costs $800 (i.e., MC = 800). How many packages of fireworks will actually be set off if it is left to the free market? How much deadweight loss will result if this activity is left to the free market (as in part b)?
