Utilization. Consider the scenario shown below, with a single source client sending to a server over two links of capacities R₁=100 Mbps and R3-10 Mbps. R₁ R3 What is the utilization of the link of capacity R₁? 0.5 O.10 1.0 10.0
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- If we have the network-ID of subnet 127.91.220.100 And as shown in the picture we need to plan network , Rt-A = 2100 hosts , Rt-B= 1000 hosts, Rt-C= 300 hosts, Rt-D = 600 hosts. create suitable subnets from the subnet that was given . NOTE: It is possible to allocate more than one subnet per interface. Create a table for each of the eight networks that contains the network-IDand subnet mask for the subnet/subnets in that network. Net ADD TO ID SUB Network_ID Brodcast SUBNET A1 A2 B C1 C2 D1 D2 D3Assume a client is connected to the server and has already received an HTML webpage. It reads the webpage, and it now needs to get 3 new files, File A is 5 MB file B is 1 MB and file C is 1 KB. The client requests the files in the order A B C. The link has an RTT (round trip time) of 0.5 seconds and a bandwidth of 8 Mb/s(Megabits per second) (or 1 Megabyte per second). The client can reuse the open connection if the protocol allows it to. For all parts of this problem ignore header sizes, and start the timer when the client sends How long does it take to get file C under HTTP 0? How long does it take to get file C under HTTP 1 (assume the browser does not support pipeling)? How long does it take to get file C under HTTP 2 assuming a frame size of 1 KB and no server push? What event would make HTTP 3 faster than HTTP 2 for this use case (ignore TLS)?Download delays for 100 objects (HTTP 1.1 with local web caching). Consider an HTTP 1.1 client and server. The RTT delay between the client and server is 2 seconds. Suppose the time a server needs to transmit an object into its outgoing link is 3 seconds. There is also a local web cache, as shown in the figure below, with negligible (zero) propagation delay and object transmission time. The client makes 100 requests one after the other, waiting for a reply before sending the next request. All requests first go to the cache (which also has a 2.0 sec. RTT delay to the server but zero RTT to the client). How much time elapses between the client transmitting the first request, and the receipt of the last requested object, assuming no use of the IF-MODIFIED-SINCE header line anywhere, and assuming that 50% of the objects requested are "hits" (found) in the local cache? Your answer should be among the following list( 702 secs, 552 secs, 352 secs, 350 secs, 150 secs) . Show your…
- If we have the network-ID of subnet 127.91.220.100 And as shown in the picture we need to plan network , Rt-A = 2100 hosts , Rt-B= 1000 hosts, Rt-C= 300 hosts, Rt-D = 600 hosts. NOTE: It is possible to allocate more than one subnet per interface. Create a table for each of the eight networks that contains the network-ID and subnet mask for the subnet/subnets in that network.Consider a local network with a 1 Gbps access link to the Internet. Hosts on this network are accessing resources with an average size of 2 MB from a distant server at an average rate of 50 requests per second. a. What is the link utilization of the access link to the internet? b. Suppose these requests were to go through a caching proxy server. What would the link utilization to the internet be if half of all requests were served from the cache of the proxy server? с. resources never being needed for example.) Would this still provide any advantages to the end user? Would there be any disadvantages to the end user? Suppose the proxy server could not serve any content from cache (due to the sameTask2: In packet switching technology the packet size is an import parameter when it comes to efficiency and reducing the network latency. Let us assume a network which consists of a sender host and a receiver host at nh hops faraway from each other's (nh-1 routers R). s>R>R> ...>S. If we assume that all links have a bit-rate B bps and originally the message to be send from the sender to the receiver is of size L bits. 1) Give the formula to compute the network latency if we assume circuit switching (switching time per switch is s seconds). 2) Same as in 1) but we assume packet switching with packet size p bits. 3) From 2) drive the best packet size p which give the best performance (minimum network latency). Hint. One way to find out the minimum of a function f is to find its derivative f'(0). 4) Verify your result by providing prove example.
- Download delays for 100 objects (HTTP 1.1 with browser caching). Consider an HTTP 1.1 client and server. The RTT delay between the client and server is 2 seconds. Suppose the time a server needs to transmit an object into its outgoing link is 3 seconds, as shown below for the first of these 100 requests. initiate TCP connection RTT request file RTT file received time You can assume that any other HTTP message not containing an object sent by the client and server has a negligible (zero) transmission time. Suppose the client makes 100 requests, one after the other, waiting for a reply to a request before sending the next request. 352 secs Using HTTP 1.1, how much time elapses between the client transmitting the first request, and the receipt of the last requested object, assuming the client uses the IF- MODIFIED-SINCE header line, and 50% of the objects requested have not changed since the client downloaded them (before these 100 downloads are performed)? 350 secs 252 secs time to…In this programming assignment, you will implement a decentralized peer-to-peer network architec-ture (P2P), including the basic implementation of the BitTorrent protocol (BTP). General P2P architec-tures can be classified into centralized and decentralized, In P2P centralized architectures, new peers senda request to the Traker (normally done via HTTP) requesting a list containing all the IP addresses ofthe peers that are already connected to the P2P network sharing the same file. The tracker then, replieswith a response containing such list. In P2P decentralized architecture, each peer is also a Traker, and itcan share only limited resources because it only sees the partial network. On the other hand, P2P decen-tralized networks avoid single point of failure since they do not depend of centralized trackers. Examplesof P2P applications that are/were implementing centralizing architectures are Nasper, the Berkeley OpenNetwork Infrastructure (BOINC) and some versions of BitTorrent.…Consider a web page whose base file is of size S1 = 10 KB. Assume that the web page consists of N = 20 inline objects each of size S2 = 100 KB. Assume that the round-trip time to the web server is T = 100 ms and the bottleneck capacity is C = 10 Mbps. Ignore any packetization delays and header overhead.a. Assuming non-persistent HTTP is used with a single TCP connection, how long does it take to download the web page?b. Assuming non-persistent HTTP is used with 4 parallel TCP connections, how long does it take to download the web page?c. Assuming pipelined, persistent HTTP is used, how long does it take to download the web page? ”Pipelined” means requests for multiple objects can be sent back-to-back on the same connection.d. Assuming non-pipelined, persistent HTTP with 2 parallel TCP connections is used, how long does it take to download the web page? Assume that the 2 parallel connections equally share the total available bandwidth C.
- Consider this multihpop network running the 802.11 MAC protocol in ad-hoc mode (RTS-CTS-DATA-ACK) and a link speed of 1 Mbps: A === B === C === D Edges ‘===’ represent connectivity, so, for instance, nodes B and C can communicate with each other directly, but A and C cannot. All nodes are able to route packets on behalf of the other nodes and they employ store-and-forward to deliver packets to the destination. Suppose nodes A, B, and C have to send a lot of data frames to node D and have their link layer queue always full. What is the average data rate for A, B, and C assuming no DATA frames get lost due collisions? Explain your answer. Compare the data rates with the link rate.In this exercise, we estimate the CIDR address block requirements for TrendyWidgets Inc. For example, if TrendyWidgets needs about 8,000 IP addresses, you would say that TrendyWidgets needs a /19 CIDR block. This is because a /19 address block uses 19 bits for the network part of the IP address, leaving 32 – 19 = 13 bits available for the host part. This allows unique labeling for 213 = 8,192 hosts. Answer the following questions: 1. If each computer on TrendyWidgets’ network is allocated an IP address, how many IP addresses is TrendyWidgets likely to need? 2. Based on this estimate, what is a CIDR address-block size suitable for TrendyWidgets?Suppose that the average object size is 850,000 bits and that the average request rate from the institution’s browsers to the origin servers is 16 requests per second. Also suppose that the amount of time it takes from when the router on the Internet side of the access link forwards an HTTP request until it receives the response is three seconds on average (see Section 2.2.5). Model the total average response time as the sum of the average access delay (that is, the delay from Internet router to institution router) and the average Internet delay. For the average access delay, use Δ/(1 – Δ ), where Δ is the average time required to send an object over the access link and is the arrival rate of objects to the access link. a. Find the total average response time.b. Now suppose a cache installed in the institutional LAN, Suppose the miss rate is 0.4. Find the total response time.