V Figure 4.5 Four ways that carbon skeletons can vary. (a) Length H H HH H H- -H Ethane Propane Carbon skeletons vary In length. ы вranching H -- HHHH H H HAA H HA 2-Methylpropane (commonly called isobutane) Butane Skeletons may be unbranched or branched. () Double bond position HHHH 1-Butene 2-Butene The skeleton may have double bonds, which can vary in location. (d) Presence of rings H. H" H- Cycdohexane Benzene Some carbon skeletons are arranged in rings. In the abbreviated structural formula for each compound to its right), each comer represents a carbon and its attached hydrogers. V Figure 4.7 Three types of isomers. Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures. (a) Structural Isomers H-CH HH H H H H H H HH H H H H H H H 2-Methylbutane Structural isomers differ in covalent partners, as shown In ths Pentane example of two isomers of C,H2. (b) Cis-trans Isomers H C=C H cis isomer. The two Xs are on trans Isomer: The two Xs are the same side. on opposite sides. Cs-trans isomers differ in arrangement about a double bond. In these diagrams, X represents an atom or group of atoms attached to a double bonded carbon.

V Figure 4.5 Four ways that carbon skeletons can vary. (a) Length H H HH H H- -H Ethane Propane Carbon skeletons vary In length. ы вranching H -- HHHH H H HAA H HA 2-Methylpropane (commonly called isobutane) Butane Skeletons may be unbranched or branched. () Double bond position HHHH 1-Butene 2-Butene The skeleton may have double bonds, which can vary in location. (d) Presence of rings H. H" H- Cycdohexane Benzene Some carbon skeletons are arranged in rings. In the abbreviated structural formula for each compound to its right), each comer represents a carbon and its attached hydrogers. V Figure 4.7 Three types of isomers. Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures. (a) Structural Isomers H-CH HH H H H H H H HH H H H H H H H 2-Methylbutane Structural isomers differ in covalent partners, as shown In ths Pentane example of two isomers of C,H2. (b) Cis-trans Isomers H C=C H cis isomer. The two Xs are on trans Isomer: The two Xs are the same side. on opposite sides. Cs-trans isomers differ in arrangement about a double bond. In these diagrams, X represents an atom or group of atoms attached to a double bonded carbon.

Chemistry: The Molecular Science

5th Edition

ISBN:9781285199047

Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski

Publisher:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski

Chapter2: Chemical Compounds

Section2.9: Organic Molecular Compounds

Problem 2.12E

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