Read the question and use the following info to answer the question wahoga Community CollegeEarth SUPPLEMENTAL EXERCISES - ESCI 103L - Cuyahoga Community CollegeNitrification.-Aerobic microbial process that converts soil ammonium N to nitrate that is availableor plant use, or to nitrite, NO, and N2O if pH, EC, or oxygen levels impair aerobic activity.Porosity.-Ratio of pore volume to total soil volume. Porosity is affected by soil texture, compaction,and pore distribution. Higher porosity means that there is more pore space, allowing for higheravailable water capacity of the soil and more soil biological activity. Compaction decreases porosity.Respiration.-Release of carbon dioxide (CO2) from a soil as a result of decomposition of SOM bysoil microbes and from plant roots and soil fauna. It can be measured by simple methods or moresophisticated laboratory methods.Soil microbes.-Soil organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae, which are responsiblefor soil respiration and many other important soil processes, such as nutrient cycling. The number ofsoil organisms in a heaping tablespoon of fertile soil can be more than 9 billion, or 1.5 times thehuman population on earth.USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.10. View the figure which shows the relationship between %water-filled pore space andrelative soil respiration (Fig. 2 on the second page of the portion on Soil Respiration description,following). What generalization can you make regarding the optimum soil water conditions forbiological activity?19Edited from D. Steer, The Good Earth. Also created by K. Sasowsky (Sup. Ex.3, 7, 6a, parts of Sup. Ex. A&B, part, 24, 25, 38, Sup. Alt. Energy 1 and 2, Sup. Switchthe Energy Project Discussion Questions); copyrights retained by authors, 2021. Earth SUPPLEMENTAL EXERCISES-ESCI 103L-Cuyahoga Community CollegeSoils that support grass vegetation (prairie) commonly have at least twice as much organic matter ashose that support forest vegetation. Both the top growth and roots of grass vegetation diesWcontinually each growing season, adding organic matter to the upper part of the soil. Soils thatsupport forest vegetation commonly have relatively low organic matter content as a result of thefollowing:1. Trees produce a much smaller root mass per acre than do grasses.2. Trees do not die back and decompose annually. Much of the organic matter in a forest is tiedup in the wood of the trees and thus is not returned to the soil.Figure 2 is a general map of the soil organic matter distribution across the United States. The darkerthe area, the higher the organic matter content.MC dolrw 10 anoidonul lioe yonotshe adviqqua insintusrit ni MOB to epeinecteLigure 2.-Soil organic matter content (from the SSURGO database [USDA, NRCS]).sien (S. to yleneba to abrung 8.0oof tonSoil Organic Matter Management Under a given set of site conditions, SOM generally ishighest in areas where soil disturbance is minimized, biomass production is higher, and organicmaterial is added to the soil. Plant residue that has a low C:N ratio (high nitrogen content) insig 10.decomposes more quickly than residue with a high C:N ratio, and it does not increase the content ofSOM as quickly. Excessive tillage destroys soil aggregates, increasing the rate of decomposition ofSOM. Stable soil aggregates have a higher content of active organic matter with less rapid microbialdecomposition. Measures that increase soil moisture and temperature and optimize aerationaccelerate the decomposition of SOM.Management practices can either degrade or increase SOM. Some key practices that can help to ringincrease or maintain the content of SOM are:Using cropping systems that incorporate continuous no-till, cover crops, solid manure or otherorganic material, and diverse rotations that include high-residue crops and perennial legumes orgrasses.• Minimizing or eliminating tillage that results in microbial activity, increasing the rate of organicmatter decomposition and the risk of erosion.15Edited from D. Steer, The Good Earth. Also created by K. Sasowsky (Sup. Ex.3, 7, 6a, parts of Sup. Ex. A&B, part, 24, 25, 38, Sup. Alt. Energy 1 and 2, Sup. Switchthe Energy Project Discussion Questions); copyrights retained by authors, 2021.

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Essentially, the inquiry seeks to reaffirm knowledge of how different vegetation species, their…