University Physics Volume 1 18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168277
Author: William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny
Publisher: William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny
1 Units And Measurement 2 Vectors 3 Motion Along A Straight Line 4 Motion In Two And Three Dimensions 5 Newton's Law Of Motion 6 Applications Of Newton's Laws 7 Work And Kinetic Energy 8 Potential Energy And Conservation Of Energy 9 Linear Momentum And Collisions 10 Fixed-axis Rotation 11 Angular Momentum 12 Static Equilibrium And Elasticity 13 Gravitation 14 Fluid Mechanics 15 Oscillations 16 Waves 17 Sound Chapter14: Fluid Mechanics
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 14.1CYU: Check Your Understanding If the reservoir in Example 14.1 covered twice the area, but was kept to... Problem 14.2CYU: Check Your Understanding Mercury is a hazardous substance. Why do you suppose mercury is typically... Problem 14.3CYU: Check Your Understanding Would a hydraulic press still operate properly if a gas is used instead of... Problem 1CQ: Which of the following substances are fluids at room temperature and atmospheric pressure: air,... Problem 2CQ: Why are gases easier to compress tan liquids and solids? Problem 3CQ: Explain how the density of air varies with altitude. Problem 4CQ: The images show a glass of ice water filled to the brim. Will the water overflow when the ice melts?... Problem 5CQ: How is pressure related to sharpness of a knife its ability to cut? Problem 6CQ: Why is a force exerted by a static fluid on a surface always perpendicular to the surface? Problem 7CQ: Imagine a remote location near the Nott Pole, a chunk of Ice floats a lake. Next to lake, a glacier... Problem 8CQ: In ballet, dancing en pointe (on the tips of the toes) is much harder on the toes normal dancing or... Problem 9CQ: Atmospheric pressure exerts a large force (equal to the weight of the atmosphere above your... Problem 10CQ: Why does atmospheric pressure decrease more rapidly than linearly with altitude? Problem 11CQ: The image shows how sandbags placed around a leak outside a river levee can effectively stop the... Problem 12CQ: Is there a net force on a dam due to atmospheric pressure? Explain your answer. Problem 13CQ: Does atmospheric pressure add to the gas pressure in a rigid tank? In a toy balloon? When, in... Problem 14CQ: You can break a strong wine bottle by pounding a cork into it with your fist, but the cork must... Problem 15CQ: Explain why the fluid reaches equal levels on either side of a manometer if both sides are open to... Problem 16CQ: Suppose the master cylinder in a hydraulic system is at a greater height than the cylinder it is... Problem 17CQ: More force is required to pull the plug in a full bathtub than when it is empty. Does this... Problem 18CQ: Do fluids exert buoyant forces in a “weightless" environment, such as in the space shuttle? Explain... Problem 19CQ: Will the same ship float higher in salt water than in freshwater? Explain you answer. Problem 20CQ: Marbles dropped into a partially filled bathtub sink to the bottom. Part of their weight is... Problem 21CQ: Mary figures in the show streamlines. Explain why fluid velocity is greatest where streamlines are... Problem 22CQ: You can squirt water from a garden hose a considerably greater distance by partially covering the... Problem 23CQ: Water is shot nearly vertically upward in a decorative fountain and the steam observed to broaden as... Problem 24CQ: Look back to figure 14.29. Answer the following two question. Why is poless than atmospheric? Why is... Problem 25CQ: A tube with a narrow segment designed to enhance entrainment is called a Venturi, such as below.... Problem 26CQ: Some chimney pipes have a T-shape, with a crosspiece on top that helps draw up gases whenever there... Problem 27CQ: Is there a limit to the height to which an entrainment device can raise a fluid? Explain your... Problem 28CQ: Why is it preferable for airplanes to take off into the wind rather than with the wind? Problem 29CQ: Roofs are sometimes pushed off vertically a tropical cyclone, and buildings sometimes explode... Problem 30CQ: It is dangerous to stud close to railroad tracks when a rapidly moving commuter train passes.... Problem 31CQ: Water pressure inside a hose nozzle can be less atmospheric pressure due to the Bernoulli effect.... Problem 32CQ: David rolled down the window on his car while driving on freeway. An empty plastic bag on the floor... Problem 33CQ: Based on Bernoulli’s equation, what are three forms of energy a fluid? (Note that these forms are... Problem 34CQ: The old rubber boot below has leaks. To what maximum height can water squirt from Leak 1? How does... Problem 35CQ: Water pressure inside a hose nozzle can be less than atmospheric pressure due to the Bernoulli... Problem 36CQ: Explain why the viscosity of a liquid decreases with temperature, that is, how might an increase in... Problem 37CQ: When paddling a canoe upstream, it is wisest to travel as near to the shore as possible. When... Problem 38CQ: Plumbing usually includes air-filled tubes tear water faucets (see the following figure). Explain... Problem 39CQ: Doppler ultrasound can be used to measure the speed of blood in the body. If there is a constriction... Problem 40CQ: Sink drains often have a device such as that shown below to help speed the flow of water. How does... Problem 41P: Gold is sold by the troy ounce (31.103 g). What is the volume of 1 troy ounce of pure sold? Problem 42P: Mercury is commonly supplied in flasks containing 34.5 kg (about 76 Ib.). What is the volume in... Problem 43P: What is the mass deep breath of air having a volume of 2.00 L? Discuss this effect taking such a... Problem 44P: A straightforward method of finding the density of an object is to measure its mass and then measure... Problem 45P: Suppose you have a coffee with a circular cross-section and vertical sides (uniform radius). What is... Problem 46P: A rectangular gasoline tank bold 30.0 kg of gasoline when full. What is the depth of the tank if is... Problem 47P: A trash compactor can compress its contents to 0.350 times their original volume. Neglecting mass of... Problem 48P: A 2.50-kg steel gasoline can holds 20.0 L of gasoline when full. What is the average density of gas... Problem 49P: What is the density of 18.0-karat gold that is a mixture of 18 parts gold, 5 parts silver, and 1... Problem 50P: The tip of a nail exerts tremendous pressure when hit by a hammer because it exerts a large force... Problem 51P: A glass tube mercury. What would be the height of the column of mercury which would create pressure... Problem 52P: The greatest ocean depths on Earth are found in the Marianas Trench near the Philippines. Calculate... Problem 53P: Verigy that the SI of hpg is N/m2. Problem 54P: What pressure is exerted the bottom of a gas tank that is 0.500-m wide and 0.900-m long and can hold... Problem 55P: A dam is used to hold back a river. The dam has a height H=12m and a width W=10m . Assume that... Problem 56P: Find ae gauge and absolute pressures in be balloon and peanut jar shown Figure 14.12, assuming be... Problem 57P: How tall must be to measure blood pressure as high as 300 mm Hg? Problem 58P: Assuming bicycle tires are perfectly flexible and support the weight of bicycle and rider by... Problem 59P: Pascal’s Principle and Hydraulics 59. How much pressure is transmitted in the hydraulic system... Problem 60P: What force must exerted on the master cylinder of a hydraulic lift to support the weight of a... Problem 61P: A host pours the remnants of several of wine into a jug a party. The host then inserts a cork with a... Problem 62P: A certain hydraulic system is designed to exert a force 100 times as large as the put into it. (a)... Problem 63P: Verify that work input equals work output for a hydraulic system assuming no losses due to fiction.... Problem 64P: What fraction of ice is submerged when it floats in freshwater, given the density of water 0°C is... Problem 65P: If a person's body has a density of 995 kg/m3, what fraction of the body will be submerged when... Problem 66P: A rock with a mass of 540 g in air is found to have an apparent mass of 342 g when submerged in... Problem 67P: Archimedes' principle can be used to calculate the density of a fluid as well as that of a solid.... Problem 68P: Calculate the buoyant force a 200-L helium balloon. (b) Given mass of rubber balloon is 1.50 g, what... Problem 69P: What is density of a woman floats in fresh water with 4.00% of her volume above the surface? (This... Problem 70P: A man has a mass of 80 kg and a density of 955kg/m3 (excluding the air in his lungs). (a) Calculate... Problem 71P: A simple compass cute made by placing a small bar magnet on a cork floating in water. (a) What... Problem 72P: What percentage of an iron anchor’s weight will be supported by buoyant force when submerged in salt... Problem 73P: Referring to Figure 14.20, prove that the buoyant force on be cylinder is equal to the weight of the... Problem 74P: A 75.0-kg floats in freshwater 3.00% of his volume above water when his are empty, and 5.00% of his... Problem 75P: What is the average flow rate in cm3/s of gasoline to the engine of a car traveling at 100 km/h if... Problem 76P: The heart of a resting adult pumps blood at a rate of 5.00 L/min. (a) Convert this to cm3/s. (b)... Problem 77P: The Huka Falls on the Waikato River is one of New Zealand's most visited natural tourist... Problem 78P: (a) Estimate the time it would take to a private swimming pool with a capacity of 80,000 L using a... Problem 79P: What is the fluid speed a hose a 9.00-cm diameter 80.0 L of water per second? (b) What is the flow... Problem 80P: Water is moving at a velocity of 2.00 m/s through a hose with internal diameter of 1.60 cm. (a) What... Problem 81P: Prove the sped of an incompressible fluid through a constriction, such as a Venturi tube, increases... Problem 82P: Water emerges straight down from a faucet with a 1.80-cm diameter at a speed of 0.500 m/s. (Because... Problem 83P: Verify that pressure has units of enery per unit volume. Problem 84P: Suppose you have a wind speed gauge like the pitot tube shown in Figure 14.32. By what factor must... Problem 85P: If be pressure reading of your pitot tube is 15.0 mm Hg at a speed of 200 km/h, what will it be at... Problem 86P: Every few years, winds in Boulder, Colorado, attain sustained speeds of 43.0 m/s (about 100 mph)... Problem 87P: What is the pressure drop due to the Bernoulli Effect as water goes into a 3.00-cm-diameter nozzle... Problem 88P: (a) Using Bernoulli's equation, show that be measured fluid speed v for a pitot tube, like the one... Problem 89P: A container of water has a cross-sectional area of A=0.1m2 . A piston sits top of the water (see be... Problem 90P: A fluid of a constant density flows through a reduction in a pipe. Find an equation for be change in... Problem 91P: (a) Calculate the retarding force due to viscosity of the air layer between a cart and a level air... Problem 92P: The arterioles (small arteries) leading to organ constrict in order to decrease flow to the organ.... Problem 93P: A spherical particle falling at a terminal speed in a liquid must have the gravitational force... Problem 94P: Using the equation of the previous problem, find the viscosity of motor oil in which a steel ball of... Problem 95P: A skydiver will reach a terminal velocity when the air drag equals his or her weight. For a skydiver... Problem 96P: (a) Verify that a 19.0% decrease in laminar flow through a tube is caused by a 5.00% decrease in... Problem 97P: When physicians diagnose arterial blockages, they quote reduction flow rate. If the flow rate an... Problem 98P: An oil gusher shoots crude 25.0 m the through a pipe with a 0.100-m diameter. Neglecting resistance... Problem 99P: Concrete is pumped from a cement mixer to the place it is being lad, instead of being carried... Problem 100P: Verify that flow of oil is laminar for an oil gusher that shoots crude oil 25.0 m into the air... Problem 101P: Calculate Reynolds numbers for flow of trough (a) a nozzle a radius of 0.250 cm and (b) a garden... Problem 102P: A fire hose has an inside diameter of 6.40 cm. Suppose such a hose caries a flow of 40.0 L/s... Problem 103P: At what rate might turbulence begin to develop in a water main with a 0.200-m diameter? Assume a... Problem 104AP: Before digital storage devices, such as the memory in your cell phone, music was stored vinyl disks... Problem 105AP: Water towers store water above the level of consumers for times of heavy use, eliminating need for... Problem 106AP: The aqueous humor in a person's eye is exerting a force of 0.300 N on the 1.10-cm2 area of the... Problem 107AP: (a) Convert normal blood pressure readings of 120 over 80 mm Hg to newtons per meter squared using... Problem 108AP: Pressure cookers have been around for more than 300 years, although their use has greatly declined... Problem 109AP: Bird bones have air pockets to reduce their weight—this also gives them an average density... Problem 110AP: In an immersion measurement of a woman's density, she is found to have a mass of 62.0 kg in air an... Problem 111AP: Some have a density slightly less than that of water and must exert a force (swim) to stay... Problem 112AP: The human circulation system has approximately 1109 vessels. Each vessel has a diameter of about 8m... Problem 113AP: The flow of blood through a 2.00106 m -radius capillary is 3.80109cm3/s . (a) What is the speed of... Problem 114AP: The left ventricle of a resting adult's heart pumps blood at a flow rate of 83.0 cm3/s , increasing... Problem 115AP: A sump pump (used to drain water from be basement of houses built below the water table) is draining... Problem 116AP: A glucose solution being administered with an IV has a flow rate of 4.00 cm3/min. What will the new... Problem 117AP: A small artery has a length of 1.1103m and a radius of 2.55105m . If the pressure drop across the... Problem 118AP: Angioplasty is a technique in which arteries partially blocked with plaque are dilated to increase... Problem 119AP: Suppose a blood vessel's radius is decreased to 90.0% of its original value by plague deposits and... Problem 120CP: The pressure dam early in problems section increases with depth. Therefore, there is net torque on... Problem 121CP: The temperature of atmosphere is not always constant and can increase or decrease with height. In a... Problem 122CP: A submarine is stranded on the bottom of the ocean with its hatch 25.0 m below surface. Calculate... Problem 123CP: Logs sometimes float vertically a lake because one end has become water-logged and denser than the... Problem 124CP: Scurrilous con artists have been known to represent gold-plated tungsten ingots as pure gold and... Problem 125CP: The inside volume of a house is equivalent to that of a rectangular solid 13.0 m wide by 200 m long... Problem 126CP: A garden hose with a diameter of 2.0 cm is used to fill a bucket, which has a volume of 0.10 cubic... Problem 127CP: A frequency quoted rule of thumb aircraft design is that wings should produce about 1000 N of lift... Problem 128CP: Two pipes of equal and constant diameter leave a water pumping and dump water cut of open end that... Problem 129CP: Fluid originally flows through a tube at a rate of 100 cm3/s. To illustrate the sensitivity of flow... Problem 130CP: During a marathon race, a runner's blood flow increases to 10.0 times her resting rate. Her blood's... Problem 131CP: Water supplied to a house by a water main has a pressure of 3.00105N/m2 early on a summer day when... Problem 132CP: Gasoline is piped underground from refineries to major users. The flow rate is 3.00102m3/s (about... Problem 83P: Verify that pressure has units of enery per unit volume.
Related questions
Concept explainers
Scenario:
A chair with a mass of 20.0 kg is attached to one end of a frictionless pulley system via a strong massless rope. The other end of the rope is attached to a steel water tank sitting on a flat horizontal concrete surface (see the image to the right). The coefficient of static friction between steel and concrete is 0.45 and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the surfaces is 0.30. The water tank, which is full of water, has sprung a leak. The combined mass of the water and the tank is 500 kg. This mass slowly decreases as the water leaks from the hole. You (i.e. your entire mass is 55.7 KG) are sitting at rest in the seat. You and the seat will remain at rest as long as the force of static friction is strong enough to hold you.
Task:
LET [DOWN] and [RIGHT] be positive. Using your knowledge of physics, determine the following:
Draw the FBD of the system of you and the chair while at rest. Using the LET statement above, write out the net force equation.
Draw the FBD of the system of the water tank at rest on the flat horizontal surface. Using the LET statement above, write out the net force equations for both the vertical and horizontal planes.
Using the net force equations, determine the minimum mass of water that must be lost (i.e. leaked out) from the water tank in order for you and the seat to begin falling?
Transcribed Image Text: water tank
pulley
water
leak
you
chair
Definition Definition Force that opposes motion when the surface of one item rubs against the surface of another. The unit of force of friction is same as the unit of force.
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