What advantages do monoclonal antibodies have compared topolyclonal antibodies? How are mAbs produced?

Q: What is Monoclonal Antibody? Write down its productions, applications, and limitations with proper…

A: Monoclonal antibodies are those antibodies that are identical to that of antibody which targets one…

Q: What is an introduction to ANTIBODY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ?

A: Antibody (Ab) or immunoglobin (Ig) is a Y-shaped protein produced by the immune system in response…

Q: Give 5 storage conditions of human normal immunoglobulin injection and why?

A: Human normal Immunoglobulin contains normal human immunoglobulin  , it replaced the  defficient…

Q: How does Antibody test detect Covid-19 antibodies?

A: The glycoproteins which are synthesized by the B cells differing in their amino acid sequence and…

Q: How would you measure deamidation in a monoclonal antibody?

A: A monoclonal antibody (mAb or moAb) is an antibody made up of a particular white blood cell. All…

Q: What are chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) ?

A: The patient with impairment or dysfunction of the immune cells is aided clinically by a process…

Q: What is the mechanism of type II hypersensitivity?

A: Type II hypersensitivity is a type of mechanisms of the immune system of the body. The immune system…

Q: age? Write down its role in monoclonal antibodies production.

A: Acrylamide is that the material of selection for getting ready cataphoretic gels to separate…

Q: What is the purpose of anti-human IgG antibodies in immunological testing?

A: Each IgG is composed of four peptide chains with two antigen binding sites - two γ-class heavy…

Q: w antibodies are formed in T-independent antigens,

A: Thymus-dependent antigens are two categories of antigens that must come into contact with T-helper…

Q: How and why do B cells undergo a class switch from producing IgM antibodies to any of the other Ig…

A: Class exchanging happens after initiation of a develop B cell through its layer bound neutralizer…

Q: Describe the steps for immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching from IgM to IgG. Are the events…

A: Immunoglobulin class switching, also known as isotype switching, isotypic commutation, or…

Q: Describe the three processes responsible for antibody diversity, estimating the diversity each…

A: The human body comes across different antigens, hence the immune system has the potential to produce…

Q: What is an immunoglobulin? Describe the structure of an immunoglobulin molecule (light chain and…

A: Immunity is a state of resistance of an organism to invading biotic or abiotic pathogens and their…

Q: What is the smallest unit of an antibody that can retain the specificity and binding affinity of the…

A: Antigen-binding fragments generated from the variable region of IgG and IgM include Fab2, Fab, Fab',…

Q: Based on the constant region of the antibodies there are only five iso-types of the antibodies,…

A: Antibodies are the Y-shaped large molecules that combine with the antigen for neutralizing…

Q: What are the glycoproteins used to identify and distinguish white blood cells? a. MHC I b. B-cell…

A: Introduction :- Glycoproteins are the proteins which contain carbohydrates ( mostly oligosaccharide…

Q: What is the significance of a rise in titer of specific antibodies in serum samples taken at…

A: Antibodies or immunoglobulins are the Y-shaped molecules that are responsible for binding to the…

Q: Describe the basic structure of an antibody molecule, andexplain the different functions of IgG,…

A: Antibodies are also known as immunoglobulins that are produced from the B-cells or B-lymphocytes.…

Q: What is the difference in the kinetics of antibody formation in response to a dirst and second…

A: The immune response is a reaction that occurs in an organism to protect against foreign substances.…

Q: What is the variable region of an antibody? The hypervariable or complementarity-determining region?…

A: Introduction  Immunity: it is the capability of our body to fight against the diseases. This is done…

Q: List Three (3) methods in the production of metabolites and antibodies in mammalian cells

A: Neutralizer proteins are created naturally by humans and creatures after exposure to an unfamiliar…

Q: What is T-cell receptor (TCR) ? How it works ?

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: Name the two types of antibody light chains.

A: Antibodies are Y-shaped specialized proteins that attach like a lock-and-key to a foreign pathogen.…

Q: Why would attaching an enediyne- containing molecule to an antibody be an attractive way to treat…

A: Enediynes are organic compounds that contain antitumor antibiotics. It contains two triple bonds and…

Q: How to the levels of CstF in B lymphocytes determine whether antibodies will be membrane- bound or…

A: Antibodies are produced by this type of white blood cell. B lymphocytes are immune cells that…

Q: How is the bivalence of antibodies significant for a precipitationreaction, and under what…

A: Antibodies are the Y-shaped molecules that are responsible for binding to the foreign particles and…

Q: Briefly describe three ways that antibody diversity is increased.

A: Any foreign material that enters the body and causes harm is referred to as an antigen. The protein…

Q: Which of the IgG subclasses would you think was in principle most desirable for use as a therapeutic…

A: The antibodies formed by the immune system of the body are referred to as immunoglobulins. These are…

Q: What biochemical mechanism underlies affinity maturation of the antibody response?

A: Antibodies mediate the adaptive immune response and are produced by plasma cells.

Q: What types of cells display MHC class I and class IIantigen complexes, and what happens as a result?

A: MHC or Major Histocompatibility complex is a locus present in the DNA of vertebrates. This locus has…

Q: Mistakes by the Enzymes that Carry Out AntibodyGene Rearrangements Can Lead to?

A: Antibody or Immunoglobulin is a proteinaceous component of the immune system. It is produced by…

Q: How do T cells, NK cells and macrophages recognize and destroy cells?

A: Our body is defended against various attacks, internal as well as external by a very specialised…

Q: How does a single MHC protein present many differentpeptides to T cells?

A: To identify foreign substance or infectious agents a group of cell surface proteins plays vital role…

Q: immunoglobin antibody to a pa

A: Immunoglobulins are also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules that are produced with the…

Q: Why does antibody titer rise after infection? Is ahigh antibody titer indicative of an ongoing…

A: Antibody titer basically refers to the amount of antibody produced by the organisms. This value is…

Q: What type of molecule forms the antibodies found in the human immune system?

A: Antibodies are formed against antigens. They are produced by B cells, a specific type of white blood…

Q: How we can synthesize specific antibody proteins? What is the main application of antibody proteins?

A: Immune system defence protein known as an antibody, or immunoglobulin, is created in reaction to the…

Q: A)   What is the significance of producing monoclonal antibodies?  B)     What is the role of cell…

A: For Question B & C Post separately

Q: hat Is Affinity Of An Antibody?

A: Antibodies are immune system proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and identify and kill…

Q: Discuss antibody production

A: Antibody, also known as immunoglobulin, is a protective protein produced by the immune system in…

Q: What is a T-cell receptor and how is it involved in T-cell activation?

A: A group of proteins found on T cells, a type of immune cell which recognizes and binds to antigens.…

Q: What is the reason behind antibody diversity?

A: Antibody Antibodies are the molecules (Y-shaped structures) which are produced by the immune system…

Q: What cells release histamine during allergic responses?

A: Hypersensitivity refers to immune response, induced by repeated antigen exposure, that results in…

Q: Describe hybridoma technique for developing monoclonal antibodies.

A: Technology is utilized in science, while science is used in technology. Both are vital to our…

Q: Which mechanisms theoretically prevent B and T lymphocyte auto-reactivity? Which tissues and cells…

A: B and T lymohocytes cells are  typesbof cells produces antibodiea to fight infectious organisms.…

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.