What do the following abbreviations stand for?(a) FAD(b) CoQ(c) NADH/H+(d) Cytochrome c

Q: What molecule does NAD+ become during glycolysis? Does NAD+ gain or lose electrons?

A: Introduction:- The initial step in the breakdown of glucose to obtain energy for cellular metabolism…

Q: Do any of the respiratory complexes play a role in the citric acid cycle? If so, what is that role?

A: The citric acid cycle is the oxidation of the molecules which was generated in the glycolysis…

Q: How many molecules of NAD+ are required to convert one molecule of glucose to pyruvate?

A: Glycolysis is the first step in the cellular respiration process where six molecular glucose was…

Q: Is Nadph an enzyme?

A: An enzyme is a substance which is majorly protein acts as a catalyst to carry out a chemical or…

Q: The enzyme pyruvate carboxylase that adds CO2 to pyruvate belongs to which of the following class…

A: The enzyme pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes the addition of carbon dioxide to the pyruvate molecule…

Q: What is NAD and NADH and why are they important?

A: Several biochemical reactions take place inside human body. These reactions take place to provide…

Q: How does the difference between NADH and NADPH affect the reactions in which they are involved?

A: Both NADH and NADPH are coenzymes involved in the oxidation-reduction process. The structural…

Q: To reduce six molecules of carbon dioxide to one molecule of glucose via photosynthesis, how many…

A: To reduce six molecules of carbon dioxide to one molecule of glucose via photosynthesis 18 ATP and…

Q: What is H in Nadph?

A: NADPH is present in numerous non-photosynthetic organisms and animals. The process that signifies…

Q: what is NAD2?

A: The electron transport chain is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from donor of…

Q: In an oxidation-reduction reaction, what happens to the chemical that is oxidized? What happens to…

A: An oxidation-reduction reaction also called redox reactions to occur due to the transfer of…

Q: If 40 molecules of glucose enter into cellular respiration in the presence of O2, how many molecules…

A: Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) is known as central metabolic pathway in which oxidation of all type of…

Q: The coenzymes NAD and FAD can “shuttle” hydrogens from one reaction to another. How does this…

A: Introduction: Coenzymes are organic compounds required by many enzymes for catalytic activity. They…

Q: How many ATPs does the respiratory cahin generate from all the NADH molecule produced from the…

A: An interlinked series of membrane-bound enzyme complexes that is responsible for oxidative…

Q: How is the oxidation of NADH coupled to the phosphorylation of ADP?

A: The process of electron transport (ETC) chain involves the transfer of an electron, for the…

Q: What is the structural difference between NADH and NADPH?

A: NADH refers to "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)". NADPH refers to…

Q: Which of the following drives the electron transfer from coenzyme Q to cytochrome c, which also…

A: 1. Electron transport chain occurs in the membrane of the mitochondria. There are many complexes…

Q: What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced in the electron transport chain from a single…

A: Electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from the electron…

Q: Each of the cytochromes in the mitochondrion contains prosthetic groups. What is a prosthetic group?…

A: Conjugated proteins have prosthetic group with apoprotein. Apoprotein - The protein part of the…

Q: what is NAD1?

A: The antimicrobial substances are the agents that inhibits the growth of micro-organism and kills…

Q: Why does mitochondrial NADH yields more ATPs than cytosolic NADH?

A: NADH is also called a reduced compound. NADH molecules are generated inside the cell through…

Q: Name and briefly describe the major electron carriers found in cells. Why is NADH a good electron…

A: There are two types of electron carriers that are particularly important in cellular respiration:…

Q: What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction?Pyruvate + NADH + H+ S Lactate + NAD+(A)…

A: Two Pyruvates have the tendency to get converted to two lactic acid molecules, which leads to the…

Q: What is NADH and what is its function?

A: The cells are the basic building blocks of the living system. It consists of many internal…

Q: If one molecule of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is converted to pyruvate how many molecules of ATP,…

A: The metabolic mechanism that transforms glucose to pyruvic acid is known as glycolysis. This free…

Q: How in the respiratory chain do electrons from FADH2 and NADH2 passing through cytochromes liberate…

A: Cytochromes a, b and c are present in the mitochondria. Cytochromes a and b are the integral…

Q: How does the difference between NADH and NADPH affect the reactions in which they are involvedd?

A: NADH and NADPH are two types of reaction intermediates often seen in biochemical reactions. There…

Q: Which of the following carries electrons from the NADH dehydrogenase complex to the cytochrome c…

A: Ans. In a sequence of three large protein complexes, called NADH-Q oxidoreductase, Q-cytochrome c…

Q: What atom in the cytochromes undergoes oxidation and reduction in the electron-transport chain? What…

A: The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is the last step of aerobic respiration,…

Q: Which process requires the coenzyme NADH?

A: Enzymes Coined by Kuhne in 1878.  Popularly known as biological catalysts.  Metabolic and cellular…

Q: 2a. How many NADH are made during glycolysis from one glucose?  2b. How many NADH are made during…

A: Glycolysis is the process in which one glucose molecule is broken down to form two molecules of…

Q: what is NAD3?

A: NAD+ is the nicotine amide dinucleotide that is produced from ATP and vitamin B3. NAD is an…

Q: In a mixture of NAD+, NADH, ubiquinone, and ubiquinol, which compound will be oxidized? Which will…

A: Electrons are the particles that are present in an atom and revolve around its nucleus containing…

Q: To form malate, what does NADH in the mitochondrial matrix serve as? Electron donor or acceptor?

A: The body needs the energy to carry out processes. Energy comes from food which gives glucose which…

Q: Is NADH a protein?

A: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a chemical that naturally occurs in the body that plays a role…

Q: List the following substances in order of their increasing oxidizing power: (a) acetoacetate, (b)…

A: Oxidizing power - Oxidizing power is defined as the ability to gain electrons. Oxidation is define…

Q: Complete the following reactions: NADH, H+ oxidoreductase O2 oxidoreductase

A: Introduction This reaction is involved in the linolenic acid metabolism in the presence of…

Q: What is the difference between NAD+ and NADH?

A: The cells are the basic building blocks of the living system. It consists of many internal…

Q: (a) NAD+ kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of NAD+ to NADP+. How many reducing…

A: NAD+ kinase is an enzyme that converts nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into NADP+ through…

Q: What thermodynamic force drives the transport of ADP and Pi into the mitochondrial matrix for ATP…

A: The electron transport (ETS) chain is present in the mitochondria, which helps in the formation of…

Q: Along with hydrogen, what eles is transferred by NADH to other molecules?

A: NAD is nicotine amide dinucleotide. It is the coenzyme. By accepting hydrogen ions it is turned into…

Q: what is NAD4?

A: The final stage of cellular respiration is electron transport chain which includes a series of…

Q: In oxidative phosphorylation, how many molecules of ATP are produced per molecule of NADH in the…

A: The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis are two parts of oxidative phosphorylation that are…

Q: What is found in NADH?

A: The cells are the basic building blocks of the living system. It consists of many internal…

Q: What role does NADH play? Why is ATP important to the cell?

A: NADH is a coenzyme central to metabolism.  ATP is energy carrying molecule found in the cells of all…

Q: Which is better NADH or NAD+?

A: NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a cofactor found in all living cells. It is called…

Q: How many ATP are produced when 2moles of NADH enter the electron transport chain?

A: NADH is the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is a biologically active coenzyme. Nicotinamide is…

Q: When electrons flow from the NAD+ /NADH conjugate redox pair to the 1/2 O2/H2O redox pair, does the…

A: ATP is the chief molecule that provides energy when the high energy in the ATP molecules is broken…

Q: What happens with NADH under aerobic  versus anaerobic  conditions?

A: Cellular respiration can occur in the presence or absence of oxygen.

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.