What does Calmodulin-dependent protein kinases lead to?

Q: What are the types of Receptor cells?

A: The specialized structures which are made up of protein molecules are known as receptors. These are…

Q: What are Receptor proteins ?

A: During the signaling process two types of molecules are involved. These two molecules are ligand and…

Q: Which isoform of creatinine kinase is found in Muscle?.

A: Isoenzymes are enzyme that have different subunit composition, different amino acid sequence but…

Q: What are kinases and what is their role in two-componentregulatory systems?

A: An alteration in the surrounding environment causes the bacterial cells to respond by changing their…

Q: Define: G coupled protein receptors and protein kinase associated receptors

A: G coupled protein receptors are membrane receptors in eukaryotes. These are cell surface receptors…

Q: What is Parkinson’sdisease?

A: The neurodegenerative diseases include Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s disease.

Q: How Do Effectors Convert the Signals to Actionsin the Cell?

A: The neurons transfer the signal with the help of electrical signals as well as chemical signals. The…

Q: Define the term alpha–gamma coactivation? What is its role?

A: In physiology, Alpha-gamma coactivation is the process in which muscle maintains the length during…

Q: What is protein kinase?

A: Answer- kinase is a type of enzyme that is used to transfer the phosphate group from high energy…

Q: Describe the major function of alpha–gamma coactivation?

A: A muscle is a soft tissue that consists of protein filaments like actin and myosin that slide past…

Q: What is the nature of the receptors that bind intercellular chemical messengers?

A: Chemical messenger can be defined as any compound that serves to transmit the message and may refer…

Q: Which of the following statements describes the signal amplification that results from activation of…

A: G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are integral membrane proteins which transmits or converts the…

Q: Explain the Binding of the ligand to the receptor ?

A: A receptor is a chemical structure which is mainly formed of protein molecules and is involved in…

Q: Given the existence of leak channels for both K  and Na , could the membrane repolarize C688 if the…

A: Ion use transport protein known as gated or leak channels to enter the cell. It is known as…

Q: What are the three types of cell signal receptors found in the plasma membrane?

A: A receptor is a molecule that is present inside or on the surface of the cell. This receptor…

Q: What functions do Na1/K1-ATPase membrane pumps play in the membrane potential? Are these functions…

A: Na+/K+ ATPase also known sodium-potassium ATPase pump is an enzyme found in the membrane of all…

Q: Which of the following is a correct functional match for CGMP? A Opens calcium ion channels Smooth…

A: B-Smooth muscle relaxation cGMP is a typical controller of particle channel conductance,…

Q: Define the term protein kinase?

A: Protein kinases are a group of enzymes that he's in catalysis of transfer of phosphate group from…

Q: What are G-protein-coupled receptors? Explain their function in regard to how particular…

A: Cell surface receptors are the proteins embedded in the membrane. These are integral membrane…

Q: What is the difference in structure between G-protein linked receptors and enzyme-linked receptors?

A: The structure of G-protein linked receptors is different from the enzyme linked receptors.

Q: riefly Describe What are the differences between selective and non-selective beta blocker? Describe…

A: The extent to which a particular medication can act on a certain site compared to other sites of the…

Q: What are kinases and what do they do?

A: Enzymes are the various biologically active proteins that catalyze various metabolic processes in…

Q: Define the following terms: a. G protein-coupled receptor kinase b. β-arrestin c. enzyme-linked…

A: G protein-coupled receptor kinases are protein kinases.

Q: What is G-proteincoupled receptors?

A: G-protein can be defined as a neutral tight binding protein that acts as a molecular switch inside…

Q: How do studies of brain development in knockout mice support the statement that apoptosis is a…

A: Apotopsis is a process of programmed cell death. It is a process in which the cell division is…

Q: Which of the following intracellular or plasma membrane proteins requiresCa21 for full activity?a.…

A: Introduction: When chemicals attach to receptors, they create conformational changes in the…

Q: Under what conditions might receptor up-regulation occur? receptor down-regulation?

A: Signaling molecules bind to the receptors present in their target cells.

Q: What is receptor activation?

A: A receptor is a molecule, most often a protein, that receives messages on behalf of a cell.…

Q: What are the differences between selective and non-selective beta blocker?

A: Beta-blockers are drugs that are prescribed to patients with irregular heartbeat, chest pain, and…

Q: How do beta blockers and thiazide derivatives cause hyperlipodemia?

A: Hyperlipidemia with beta-blockers: *Several antihypertensive drugs have been found to be associated…

Q: What happens if a kinase is overactive and phosporylates the protein too much?

A: Kinase is one of the common enzyme which helps to transfer the phosphate groups from a phosphate…

Q: What is second messengers?

A: Introduction: Messengers in the cell are chemical substances that carry out signals to different…

Q: Define the term receptor tyrosine kinases?

A: Enzymes are the biological catalysts that catalyze the biological process and metabolic activity of…

Q: What role does phosphorylation of tyrosine residues play in the action of receptor proteins?

A: Tyrosine phosphorylation is the addition of phosphate group to the amino acid tyrosine on a protein.…

Q: Why can acetylcholine (or other signaling molecules) have so many different effects?

A: Acetylcholine is an organic chemical that functions as a neurotransmitter in the brain and body of…

Q: What is the mode of action of Beta Blockers

A: Beta-blockers are drugs used to treat high blood pressure, manage abnormal heart rhythms and prevent…

Q: Calmodulin, protein kinase C, and arrestin can be activated by which second messenger?     IP3   DAG…

A: second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure…

Q: Define the term G-protein-coupled receptors?

A: Receptors are chemical structures that are made up of protein. The receptor's main function is to…

Q: What are G-protein-coupled receptors?

A: Introduction  Hormones are the chemical compounds crucial for life. Chemically they can be either…

Q: Which of the following is the best description of how a G protein coupled receptor responds to a…

A: GPCR is a cell surface receptor, that transmits signals to intracellular targets by the action of a…

Q: What the difference between Ca binds to troponin and Troponin?

A: Troponins are a group of proteins found in skeletal and heart (cardiac) muscle fibers that regulate…

Q: How does the binding of cAMP activate the kinase

A: Kinase is an enzyme that catalyses the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy,…

Q: What is cAMP-dependent protein kinase?

A: In contrast to kinases that modify lipids, carbohydrates, or other molecules, a protein kinase…

Q: What is PNS in the nervous system and how does it contribute to coordination in neural signaling?

A: Ans 1: The peripheral nervous system refers to parts of the nervous system outside the brain and…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.