What is a promoter? Is it located at the upstream ordownstream end of a transcription unit?

Q: What are the three basic stages of transcription? Describe what happens at each stage.

A: Transcription is process of copying genetic information from one strand of DNA into RNA. It occurs…

Q: If RNA is a product of transcription how is the information coded at this step?

A: According to the question, if RNA is a product of transcription then we have to describe how the…

Q: In the termination phase of transcription what occurs? What is terminating or stopping

A: * Transcription is the process in which a  segment of DNA will be copied into RNA. *This segments of…

Q: How does RNA polymerase know where to begin transcription?

A: The Terminator region of the DNA helps the RNA polymerase to end the transcription. Sigma factor…

Q: What allows for intervening sequence between a promoter and a regulatory to be looped out so that a…

A: The act of copying information from a strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) into a new molecule of…

Q: In transcription, what is/are the importance of the series of nucleotide bases before the coding…

A: The coding region before transcription flanked by promoter sequence on 5' end on the template strand…

Q: Describe the three stages of transcription: initiation,elongation, and termination.

A: A process through which the information from the DNA strand is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) is…

Q: Does RNA polymerase binds tightly to promoter DNA?

A: Genes include instructions for making proteins. They do not, though, produce proteins directly.…

Q: In transcription, what is/are the importance of the sense and missense/antisense strands

A: Transcription: The process of transcribing a piece of DNA into RNA is known as transcription.…

Q: How can binding of activators to an enhancer located far from the promoter influence transcription?

A: Activators can help in gene transcription by signaling the enzyme RNA polymerase to move beyond the…

Q: How does Elongation Factors Regulate the Initial Stages of Transcription in the Promoter-Proximal…

A: Transcription is defined as the process of copying a DNA segment into RNA. The segments of DNA that…

Q: During the elongation phase of transcription, what molecule is being made? What enzyme is…

A: Transcription is the process in which RNA is formed from DNA. It happens in both prokaryotes and…

Q: What is the purpose of CAP and CAMP in gene regulation?

A: A wide range of mechanism carried out by the cells that act to induce or repress the synthesis of…

Q: If a repressor prevents TFIID from binding to the TATA box, why does this inhibit transcription?

A: TFIID - It is an important transcription factor, which plays a key role in the activity of RNA…

Q: What is the function of the promoter

A: Promoter is the site on DNA where proteins such as RNA polymerase and some transcrption factors…

Q: What is the difference in how mediator works with activation vs. repression of transcription?

A: Transcription refers to the mechanism in which the genetic information in DNA is transferred by RNA…

Q: What is the relationship between promoters, regulatory DNA sequences, and transcription regulators?…

A: Gene expression is regulated by the binding of of different proteins on different regions of DNA.

Q: Which of the following are considered a transcription activator?

A: option B) CAP protein in E.coli

Q: Which RNA conformation favors transcription—the form with the antiterminator stem-loop or the form…

A: The process of transcription allows the formation of RNA from DNA with help of DNA-dependent RNA…

Q: What would you expect to happen if you mutate a transcription factor binding site in a promoter?

A: A mutation is a sudden change in the structure of DNA. If we mutate a transcription factor then it…

Q: Why is it important for a transcription factor/activator to have a high affinity for a specific DNA…

A: Transcription is a metabolic process in which DNA sequence of the gene is copied into an RNA…

Q: What are the major differences between a repressor protein anda riboswitch in the control of gene…

A: The riboswitch acts as a regulatory mechanism of translation process, which resembles as an…

Q: The basal transcription apparatus is composed of a. five general transcription factors. b. RNA…

A: Transcription is the process of gene expression. In this process, a gene is read by the…

Q: For eukaryotes, how do mediators, gene-specific transcription factors (activators/repressors),…

A: Ans -The mediator is a multiprotein complex found in all eukaryotes that acts as a transcriptional…

Q: How do we know that small noncoding RNA molecules canregulate gene expression?

A: A non-coding RNA is a kind of RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence…

Q: What is the difference between a promoter and an enhancer?

A: Promoter and enhancer are the regulatory elements of the genes. They don't produce any RNA or…

Q: What are allosteric RNA leaders that bind small molecule effectors to control gene expression?

A: The revelation of Ribonucleic acid (RNA) impetuses, biotechnology has zeroed in vigorously on using…

Q: Discuss the three steps of Transcription (Initiation, Elongation, Termination).

A: The process of transcribing a piece of DNA(deoxyribose nucleic acid) into RNA(Ribose nucleic acid)…

Q: In bacteria, which sequences in the promoter does sigma protein recognize to establish a constant…

A: A promoter is the cis-acting and position-dependent DNA sequence that is necessary for efficient…

Q: Why is transcription a particularly important level of gene regulation in both bacteria and…

A: Gene regulation is the process that is involved in turning on or off of a gene, which ensures that…

Q: Why is an NFR needed at the core promoter for transcription to occur?

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: What would be the effect on transcription if a mutation occurred in the gene that encodes GAL3, so…

A: Transcription is a very significant level of gene expression control in eukaryotes and needs various…

Q: How do we know that core-promoter elements are importantfor transcription?

A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. They are comprised of DNA…

Q: How dispersed promoters specify multiple transcriptional start sites ?

A: Answer:Introduction: In vertebrates, approximately 70% of genes contain dispersed promoters, that…

Q: • How does a repressor inhibit the synthesis of a specific mRNA?

A: The process by which mRNA is formed from a specific sequence in a gene is called transcription.…

Q: What general transcription factors associate with an RNA polymerase II promoter in addition to the…

A: Transcription is the process of synthesis of mRNA from DNA. RNA polymerase is the enzyme which carry…

Q: What are Focused core promoters ?

A: Promoters are DNA regions where gene transcription begins. Focused core promoters are one of the two…

Q: Which genes are under the control of the lac promoter?

A: In the bacterial system, set of two or more than two or more than two genes are under the direct…

Q: How does the binding of transcriptional regulator proteins to enhancers affect transcription at…

A: Introduction  Protein is the key biomolecule in the biological system, any important physiological…

Q: What is a portion of the promoter which is usually modified via addition or removal of methyl groups…

A: Once the DNA has been replicated within the eukaryotic cells, a small proportion of the bases…

Q: What enzyme catalyzes transcription? What is a promoter and what protein recognizes promoters in…

A: Transcription is the process by which the information encoded in a DNA strand  is decoded and copied…

Q: What are differences between promoters and enhancers ?

A: Protein synthesis is the process by which genetic instructions stored in DNA (in regions known as…

Q: How do we know that the orientation of promoters relative to the transcription start site is…

A: Transcription is a process in which a sequence of DNA is transcribed into mRNA.

Q: What occurs when the appropriate signals turn on the promoter?

A: A promoter is a DNA sequence towards which proteins attach to start the process of transcription of…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.