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- Concerning extracellulardigestion what is meant bychemical digestion?How different areintracellular and extracellulardigestion? What is theevolutionary advantage ofextracellular digestion?Besides being fundamentalfor the activation of the maingastric digestive enzyme howdoes HCl also directlyparticipate in digestion?
- Which type of chemicalreaction is the breaking ofmacromolecules into smallerones that occurs in digestion?What are the enzymes thatparticipate in this processcalled?How can the ENS physiologically supports digestion?What is autophagic intracellular digestion? Why is this type of intracellular digestion intensified in an organism undergoing starvation?
- Why is it advantageous to the overall digestive process forsecretin and cholecystokinin to slow stomach emptying uponinitiation of the intestinal phase?What is the substanceproduced in the liver that actsin the small intestine duringdigestion? How does thatsubstance act in the digestiveprocess?Coming from the acid pHof the stomach which pH leveldoes the chyme find when itenters the duodenum? Why isit necessary to maintain thatpH level in the small intestine?What are the organsresponsible for that pH leveland how is it kept?
- From the point of view of physiology, what is the most important constituent of bile? Provide at least four important functions of it.After digestion the nextstep is absorption done bycells of the mucous membraneof the intestine. For this task alarge absorption surface is anadvantage. How is it possiblein the small internal space ofthe body of a pluricellularorganism to present a largeintestinal surface?Do the intrinsic enteric neurons and extrinsic afferent nerves innervate the gastrointestinal tract and are they involved in the sensation of "full"