Answered: What is Carnot efficiency of a heat…

What is Carnot efficiency of a heat engine operating between the temperatures of546 C and -18 C Give the result as a decimal - not percent! Calculate answer to two decimals.

College Physics

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168000

Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Chapter15: Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 39PE: What is the best coefficient of performance possible for a hypothetical refrigerator that could make...

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Check your Understanding Show that QhQh=QcQc for the hypothetical engine of Figure 4.10 The second property to be demonstrated is that all reversible engines operating between the same two reservoirs have the same efficiency. To this, stat with the two engines D and E of Figure 4.10 (a), which are operating between two common heat reservoirs at temperatures Th and Tc . First, assume that D is a reversible engine and that E is a hypothetical irreversible engine that has a higher efficiency than D. If both engines perform the same amount of work W per cycle, it follows from Equation 4.2 that QhQh . It then follows from the first law that QcQc . Figure 4.10 (a) Two uncoupled engines D and E working between the same reservoirs. (b) The engines, With D working reverse. Suppose the cycle of D is so that it operates as a refrigerator, and the two engines are coupled such that the work output of E is used to drive D, as shown in Figure 4.10(b). Since QhQh and QcQc , the net result of each cycle is equivalent to a spontaneous transfer of heat from the cold reservoir to the hot reservoir, a process second law does not allow. The original assumption must therefore be wrong, and it is impossible to construct an irreversible engine such that E is more efficient than the reversible engine D. Now it is quite easy to demonstrate that the efficiencies of all reversible engines operating between the same reservoirs are equal. Suppose that D and E are reversible engines. If they are as shown in Figure 4.10(b), the efficiency of E cannot be greater than the efficiency of D, or second law would violated. If both engines are then reversed, the same reasoning implies that the efficiency of D cannot be greater than the efficiency of E. Combining these results leads to the conclusion that all reversible engines working between same two reservoirs have the same efficiency.
Check Your Understanding What is the efficiency of a perfect heat engine? What is the coefficient of performance of a perfect refrigerator?
What is the decrease in entropy of 25.0 g of water that condenses on a bathroom mirror at a temperature of 35.0C, assuming no change in temperature and given the latent heal of vaporization to be 2450kJ/kg ?
In performing 100.0 J of work, an engine discharges 50.0 J of heat. What is the efficiency of the engine?
Calculate the net work output of a heat engine following path ABCDA as shown below.
Fifty grams of water at 0 are changed into vapor at 100 . What is the change in entropy of the water in this process?
A Carnot refrigerator, working between 0 and 30 is used to cool a bucket of water containing 102 m3 of water at 30 to 5 in 2 hours. Find the total amount of work needed.
What does the first law of thermodynamics tell us about the energy of the universe? `
An ideal heat pump is being considered for use in heating an environment with a temperature of 22.0C. What is the cold reservoir temperature if the pump is to have a coefficient of performance of 12.0 ?
Discuss the practical advantages and disadvantages of heat pumps and electric heating.
When 1.60105J of heat transfer occurs into a meat pie initially at 20.0C, its entropy increases by 480J/K. What is its final temperature?
Suppose a Carnot refrigerator operates between Tc and Th . Calculate the amount of work required to extract 1.0 J of heat from the cold reservoir if (a) Tc=7C,Th=27C; (b) Tc=73C,Th=27C; (c) Tc=173C,Th=27C; and (d) Tc=273C,Th=27C;