What is IPM? How does it work? Define: Biological control Cultural controls Mechanical and physical controls Chemical control Describe IPM for one agricultural pest: https://www2.ipm.ucanr.edu/agriculture/, choose a crop, go to Insects and Mites, and choose one insect or mite, then provide with the following information: Name the crop Name and describe a pest Describe the pest damage Describe the pest management including: Biological Control Cultural Control Organically Acceptable Methods
Lab 5. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
- Go to the following website: http://ipm.ucanr.edu and answer the questions bellow:
- What is IPM?
- How does it work?
- Define:
- Biological control
- Cultural controls
- Mechanical and physical controls
- Chemical control
- Describe IPM for one agricultural pest: https://www2.ipm.ucanr.edu/agriculture/, choose a crop, go to Insects and Mites, and choose one insect or mite, then provide with the following information:
- Name the crop
- Name and describe a pest
- Describe the pest damage
- Describe the pest management including:
- Biological Control
- Cultural Control
- Organically Acceptable Methods
Example: http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG//r1300611.html
Crop Alfalfa
Pest Alfalfa Caterpillar
Scientific Name: Colias eurytheme
Description of the Pest
The yellow or white butterflies of the alfalfa caterpillar lay eggs on the new growth of alfalfa that is less than 6 inches tall. Eggs hatch into green caterpillars in 3 to 7 days. Full-grown caterpillars are about 1.5 inches long and are distinguished from other caterpillars on alfalfa by their velvety green bodies with white lines along their sides.
There are four to seven generations per year of alfalfa caterpillar, and each generation is closely synchronized with the hay-cutting cycle so that the caterpillar pupates before cutting occurs.
Damage
Alfalfa caterpillars can consume entire leaves. The larger larvae are most destructive. In contrast to armyworms, alfalfa caterpillars do not skeletonize leaves and will also consume the midrib.
Management
The most important way to control the alfalfa caterpillar is to preserve natural enemies that parasitize and prey upon this pest. Use selective insecticides against caterpillar pests in the summer to maintain natural enemies and minimize subsequent build-up of caterpillars. Preserve and encourage natural enemies by avoiding unnecessary insecticide applications for aphids or weevils in the spring.
Biological Control
An important parasite of the alfalfa caterpillar is Cotesia medicaginis, a dark brown to black wasp about 0.25 inch long. This wasp stings very small alfalfa caterpillars and lays an egg inside. The egg hatches and the wasp larva eats the inside of the caterpillar. A parasitized caterpillar dies before it reaches 0.5 inch in length. A parasitized caterpillar is
- lighter in color than normal,
- somewhat shiny rather than velvety on the surface, and
- swollen toward the rear.
Cultural Control
Border-strip harvesting is a useful method for preserving the natural enemies of both the alfalfa caterpillar and aphids because it helps retain parasite larvae in the field. (For more details, see BORDER-STRIP HARVESTING.) Early harvesting of fields infested with economically significant levels of alfalfa caterpillars kills a large number of caterpillars, preserves crop yields, and avoids reducing natural enemy numbers. Time this cutting to avoid serious damage, yet obtain satisfactory yield.
Organically Acceptable Methods
Biological and cultural controls, as well as sprays of Bacillus thuringiensis, are acceptable for use on an organically certified crop.
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