Based on the text on roaches eating 1.Identify abiotic factors that support the survival and reproduction of the roaches and why the pest needs this factors. 2.Identify biotic factors that support the survival and reproduction of the roaches and why the pest needs this factors. 3.Predict what factors in the environment can be altered to decrease the survival and reproduction of the pest and why?
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- Deathly Lamprey Repellent Predation by sea lampreys on native fishes in the Great Lakes is an ongoing problem. To help solve it, Michael Wagner and his team test methods of repelling lampreys. They carried out an experiment to investigate reports that sea lampreys detect the scent of lamprey carcasses and tend to avoid them. The researchers made alcohol-based lamprey carcass extracts, then observed what happened when lampreys were put in tanks and exposed to either this extract or to alcohol alone. FIGURE 25.6 shows their results. FIGURE 25.6 Effectiveness of carcass extracts as a lamprey repellent. Mean proportion of lampreys on the scented side of the test tank during B trials with 10 lampreys. Lampreys were placed in the tank for 20 minutes before exposure to alcohol or carcass extract and remained there for 40 minutes after exposure. The upper graph shows results with alcohol as the stimulus; the lower shows the results with carcass extracts. Bars indicate standard error. Why was it necessary to test the response of lampreys to the scent of alcohol alone?Deathly Lamprey Repellent Predation by sea lampreys on native fishes in the Great Lakes is an ongoing problem. To help solve it, Michael Wagner and his team test methods of repelling lampreys. They carried out an experiment to investigate reports that sea lampreys detect the scent of lamprey carcasses and tend to avoid them. The researchers made alcohol-based lamprey carcass extracts, then observed what happened when lampreys were put in tanks and exposed to either this extract or to alcohol alone. FIGURE 25.6 shows their results. FIGURE 25.6 Effectiveness of carcass extracts as a lamprey repellent. Mean proportion of lampreys on the scented side of the test tank during B trials with 10 lampreys. Lampreys were placed in the tank for 20 minutes before exposure to alcohol or carcass extract and remained there for 40 minutes after exposure. The upper graph shows results with alcohol as the stimulus; the lower shows the results with carcass extracts. Bars indicate standard error. What was the lowest proportion on lampreys on the scented side of the tank when the scent was alcohol? When the scent was alcohol-based carcass extract?Sustainable Use of Horseshoe Crabs Horseshoe crab blood clots immediately upon exposure to bacterial toxins, so it can be used to test injectable drugs for the presence of dangerous bacteria. To keep horseshoe crab populations stable, blood is extracted from captured animals, which are then returned to the wild. Concerns about the survival of animals after bleeding led researchers to do an experiment. They compared survival of animals captured and maintained in a tank with that of animals captured, bled, and kept in a similar tank. FIGURE 24.28 shows the results. FIGURE 24.28 Mortality of young male horseshoe crabs kept in tanks during the 2 weeks after their capture. Half the animals were bled on the day of their capture. Control animals were handled, but not bled. This procedure was repeated 8 times with different sets of horseshoe crabs. In which trial did the most control crabs die? In which did the most bled crabs die?
- Bengal Tigers that has its own territory let’s say it’s brings home food, a predator like another tiger or wolf as they try to steal the food but was killed by the territorial tiger. Will tiger eat that tiger or wolf instead of its food? It be waiste of engrey it did to kill it and waisting food5. Most remote oceanic islands have at least one uniquespecies of fl ightless bird that shows little or no fearof humans or other large predators. Account for thisobservation.Eastern tent caterpillars (Malacosoma americanum) live in large groups in silk nests, or tents, which they build in trees. They are among the first insects to be active in early spring, when daily temperature fluctuates from freezing to very hot. Over the course ofa day, they display striking differences in behavior: Early in the morning, they rest in a tightly packed group on the tent's east-facing surface. In midafternoon, they are on its undersurface, each caterpillar hanging by a few of its legs. Propose a hypothesis to explain this behavior. How could you test it? ATLEAST 50 SENTENCE
- In four seasons of North America of spring, summer, autumn and winter as herbivores like deers or moose as example what will they do in spring, summer, autumn and winter to surrived each season? As carnivore like feral cats what will they do in those seasons as summer is really hot wouldn’t water be cutting down and plants get least amount of vegetation for all animals? Winter be cold but can’t animals survive thanks to fur as cats will find dens? Autumn Unkown I’m not sure what it effects wildlife? Like I’m asking what animals will do for each season as summer if it gets like drought that could cause no water or dry up plantsThe Barton Springs salamander is an endangered species found only inthree adjacent springs in the city of Austin, Texas. There is growingconcern that a chemical spill on a nearby freeway could pollute thespring and wipe out the species. To provide a source of salamanders torepopulate the spring in the event of such a catastrophe, a proposal hasbeen made to establish a captive breeding population of the salamanderin a local zoo. You are asked to provide a plan for the establishment ofthis captive breeding population, with the goal of maintaining as muchof the genetic variation of the species as possible. What factors mightcause loss of genetic variation in the establishment of the captivepopulation? How could loss of such variation be prevented? With theassumption that only a limited number of salamanders can bemaintained in captivity, what procedures should be instituted to ensurethe long-term maintenance of as much variation as possible?Iguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a long-term study of marine iguanas in the Galpagos Islands. He marked iguanas on two islandsGenovesa and Santa Feand collected data on how their body size, survival, and reproductive rates varied over time. He found that because iguanas eat algae and have no predators, deaths usually result from food shortages, disease, or old age. In January 2001, an oil tanker ran aground and leaked a small amount of oil into the waters near Santa Fe. FIGURE 44.3 shows the number of marked iguanas that Wikelski and his team counted in their study populations just before the spill and about a year later. FIGURE 44.3 Shifting numbers of marked marine iguanas on two Galpagos islands. An oil spill occurred near Santa Fe just after the January 2001 census (orange bars). A second census was carried out in December 2001 (green bars). Which island had more marked iguanas at the time of the first census?
- Testing Biological Control Biological control agents are used to battle red imported fire ants. Researchers have enlisted the help of Thelohania solenopsae, a natural enemy of the ants. This microsporidian (Section 23.4) is a parasite that infects ants and shrinks the ovaries of the colony's egg-producing female (the queen). As a result, a colony dwindles in numbers. Are these biological controls useful against imported fire ants? To find out, USDA scientists treated infested areas with either traditional pesticides or pesticides plus biological controls (both flies and the parasite). The scientists left some plots untreated as controls. FIGURE 45.16 shows the results. FIGURE 45.16 A comparison of two methods of controlling red imported fire ants. The graph shows the numbers of red imported fire ants over a 28-month period. Orange triangles represent untreated control plots. Green circles are plots treated with pesticides alone. Black squares are plots treated with pesticide and biological control agents (parasitoid flies and a microsporidian parasite). How did population size in the control plots change during the first four months of the study?In 1798, a stuffed platypus specimen was delivered to the British Museum. Reports that it laid eggs created much confusion. To modem biologists, a platypus is clearly a mammal. It has fur and the females produce milk. Young animals have typical mammalian teeth that are replaced by hardened pads of the bill as the animal matures. Why do you think modem biologists can more easily accept that a mammal can have some reptilelike traits than scientists who were considering this animal in the late 1700s?Iguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a long-term study of marine iguanas in the Galpagos Islands. He marked iguanas on two islandsGenovesa and Santa Feand collected data on how their body size, survival, and reproductive rates varied over time. He found that because iguanas eat algae and have no predators, deaths usually result from food shortages, disease, or old age. In January 2001, an oil tanker ran aground and leaked a small amount of oil into the waters near Santa Fe. FIGURE 44.3 shows the number of marked iguanas that Wikelski and his team counted in their study populations just before the spill and about a year later. FIGURE 44.3 Shifting numbers of marked marine iguanas on two Galpagos islands. An oil spill occurred near Santa Fe just after the January 2001 census (orange bars). A second census was carried out in December 2001 (green bars). Wikelski concluded that changes on Santa Fe were the result of the oil spill, rather than sea temperature or other climate factors common to both islands. How would the census numbers be different from those he observed if an adverse event had affected both islands?