What is meant by monetary neutrality? How exactly does an increase in the money supply lead to a proportionate increase in the Price level in our long run model with money included? What is meant by the "Classical Dichotomy."
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- What is the economic justifcation for the sticky infation assumption? Whatrole does this assumption play in the short-run model?Short run vs. Long Run In AA-DD model, we discuss the difference between long run and short run. Discuss why is it necessary to make such differentiation? Why on the long run, fiscal and monetary policies are not effective? How does the expected change in prices affect price changes today?All of the major orthodox approaches to macroeconomics presume that money is neutral at least in thelong run, although it might not be neutral in the short run. On the other hand, most heterodoxapproaches argue that money cannot be neutral. Compare and contrast these approaches to monetaryneutrality. Be sure to include a discussion of the positions taken by the following schools of thought:New Classical, Real Business Cycle, New Keynesian, Post Keynesian, and Institutionalist.
- Describe the difference betweenan exogenous and an endogenous theory about the money supply.In your view what importantdifferences between the twotheories exist?In an OLG model with money: Each gen picks 12 banans when young, 0 bananas when old. Central bank prints out 2 units of money, given to gen 0 for free. The population of this economy is ______ in each period.Assume a two-sector economy model is given by: Y = C + I, C = 97 + 0.7Y, I = 180 – 125i M s = 255, L 1 = 0.2Y, L 2 = 220 – 175i where Y is income, C is consumption, I is investment, i is rate of interest, M s is money supply, L 1 is transactionary demand for money and L 2 is speculative demand for money. a) Find the equilibrium income level and interest rate, together with equilibrium levels of C, I, L 1 and L 2 . b) Show what happens to the equilibrium conditions if autonomous investment falls from 180 to 110. c) Demonstrate your answers to (a) and (b) graphically.
- Please only answer part D (I already have part a, b, and c) In the New Keynesian model, suppose that in the short run the central bank cannot observe aggregate output or the shocks that hit the economy. However, the central bank would like to come as close as possible to economic efficiency. That is, ideally the central bank would like the output gap to be zero. Suppose initially that the economy is in equilibrium with a zero-output gap. (a) Suppose that there is a shift in money demand. That is, the quantity of money demanded increases for each interest rate and level of real income. How well does the central bank perform in relative to its goal? Explain using diagrams. (b) Suppose that firms expect total factor productivity to increase in the future. Repeat part (a). (c) Suppose that total factor productivity increases in the current period. Repeat part (a). (d) Explain any differences in your results in parts (a)–(c) and explain what this implies about the wisdom of following an…Explain the Taylor Rule. Provide an example (not from class or the book) of how the rule might be used to implement monetary policy. What are the arguments for and against using such a rule to guide monetary policy? Consider the following scenarios. How would the Taylor Rule be employed in each? First, suppose the Fed was run by “inflation nutters” (this term is explained in “What Should Central Banks Do?”) How would the Taylor Rule be implemented? Second, in the not too distant past, the Fed (along with most central banks) did not pay a lot of attention to inflation, focusing instead on economic growth. How would the Taylor Rule be implemented? Finally, consider the current economic situation. Explain why or why not the Fed should consider using the Taylor rule in the current enviroment.For this question, assume that the Fed sets monetary policy according to the Taylor rule. Suppose current U.S. macroeconomic conditions are represented by the following: π < π?* and u > un. Given this information, we would expect that the Fed will: A.implement a monetary contraction. B.more information is need to answer this question. C.maintain its current stance of monetary policy. D.implement a monetary expansion. Which of the following would cause an increase in M1? A.a reduction in the required ratio of reserves to deposits B.an increase in the discount rate C.an open market operation where the Fed buys bonds D.thes all of these E.none of these
- Please no written by hand solution Suppose you are given the following scenario: The Federal Reserve has reported the federal funds rate at 2.75 percent. The economy’s growth rate over the past several quarters has languished around 1 percent (annualized) per year while unemployment has increased by 1.5 percentage points to a current national average of 8.7 percent. The GDP deflator index has remained relatively steady, yielding an average inflation rate of 1.8 percent over the last two years. What would you recommend as a Keynesian policy advisor? In the first part of your answer, identify the economic problem(s) best described in the scenario above. Secondly, determine the appropriate economic policy (fiscal or monetary) that would be most effective in responding to the economic problem(s) identified in part one. Lastly, explain the consequences your recommended policy would have on the macroeconomy in both the short run and the long run. Your answer should be at leas a couple of…Can the standard, competitive RBC model explain pro-cyclical real marginal cost?Rand's remarkable resilience inflicts pain on its doubters The rand seems to no longer follow the rules of the emerging-markets playbook, according toan expert. While many investors expected the rand to buckle in the face of rising US Treasury yields andprospects of a more aggressive pace of Federal Reserve hikes, the currency has done theopposite. The rand is sometimes referred to in currency market circles as "the rattler", because of itshabit of snapping back hard in the opposite direction to a big move.There is a reason South Africa's currency is called "the rattler".While many an investor expected the rand to buckle in the face of rising US Treasury yields and prospects of amore aggressive pace of Federal Reserve hikes, the currency has done the opposite. It's just posted its fifthweekly gain, causing pain for those who have bet against it."In a risk-off and volatile environment, the rand used to be one of the weakest currencies," said Milan-basedinvestor Roberto Bagnato at…