What is normally filtered across the glomerular membrane? What is not normally filtered?

Q: In a resting state, explain what happened to the heart rate when the stroke volume decreased. Why do...

A: The amount of blood pumped by the heart is called cardiac output, it is a function of the stroke vol...

Q: From simplest to complex, list and define the body’s sixlevels of organization.

A: Living organisms are highly organised and structured in a hierarchy from smaller to larger on a scal...

Q: Where in the cell are steroid hormones synthesized? Where are peptide hormones synthesized? Which of...

A: Hormones are chemical messengers synthesized in the body which travel through the blood stream to va...

Q: What are the target tissues and effects of ADH?

A: The hormones are chemical messenger molecules that are synthesized and released by the glands of the...

Q: What is the target of humoral vs cell mediated immunity? Intracellular/extracellular organisms? Viru...

A: The immune defenses of the body can be broadly classified as innate immunity and adaptive immunity. ...

Q: Describe the criteria used to classify covering and lining epithelia.

A: The epithelial tissues are one of the four different types of tissues found in the body (the other t...

Q: Compare the functions of free ribosomes and ribosomesattached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

A: Ribosomes are known as the protein factories of the cell. They are small and round organelles,found ...

Q: How does aldosterone impact reabsorption and secretion in the late distal tubule and cortical collec...

A: The main mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the of the adrenal cortex of the adrenal glan...

Q: Why are the lumbar vertebrae more massive than the cervicalvertebrae? Describe some expected differe...

A: The vertebral column is a vertical rod like structure, about 70 cm long located in the mid dorsal li...

Q: How are proteins (amino acids) used to produce energy?

A: Proteins are one of the macronutrients required by the body, and it is mainly required for bodybuild...

Q: What is the most common fat in the body, and what are itsbasic building blocks?

A: The energy requirements of the body are fulfilled by the intake of various different macro and micro...

Q: Which of the following is TRUE of resting membrane potential? why?   -is the period after an act...

A: A resting potential consist of a neuron that is at rest, or the one which is not stimulated. It is d...

Q: Outline the process of transferring the action potential inthe presynaptic terminal to the motor end...

A: The muscular system of the human body comprises three major types of muscle cells - smooth muscle, c...

Q: Define cephalic

A: Cephalic is referred to as the stage that occurs before the stomach's entry through neurological sig...

Q: Describe the role of the parasympathetic division duringrest and the general effects on the body

A: The autonomic nervous system is a part of the body's peripheral nervous system, and it is further di...

Q: What muscles cause flexion and extension of the shoulder?Adduction and abduction of the arm? What mu...

A: The muscles involved in the flexion movement include : the anterior deltoid  pectoralis major coraco...

Q: Define endoneurium

A: In anatomical terminology, a nerve can be described as the wire-like structure responsible for trans...

Q: What four characteristics of WBCs are important to their response to tissue invasion or injury?

A: The cells which are a part of the immune, circulatory and lymphatic system and function to fight and...

Q: The parietal cells of the stomach lining contain membrane “pumps” that transport hydrogen ions from ...

A: As there is no transformation taking place in the transport of hydrogen ions across a membrane. At e...

Q: Briefly explain how the consumption of alcohol induces diabetes insipidus.

A: Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon disorder that happens when a person's kidneys pass an unusually la...

Q: Define apex

A: The location of anything is called its position.

Q: Which of these statements concerning the symport of glucose intocells is true?a. The sodium-potassiu...

A: Cellular transport refers to the movement of substances in and out of the plasma membrane. The cellu...

Q: How does the medullary cavity enlarge during growth in thickness?

A: Intramembraneous ossification and endochondral ossification contribute to the bone tissue's formatio...

Q: identify the major parts of a nerve cell;

A: Nerve cells are the nervous system cells that are principally responsible for the conduction and tra...

Q: Describe the contents and function of the nucleus

A: Introduction The cell is the primary and essential unit of the body. These are known as "building bl...

Q: Compare the 3 individual types of vertebrae and the identifying features of each

A: The vertebral column of humans is made of 33 bones called vertebrae. The vertebrae is classified int...

Q: Which of the following statements does NOT describe a function of the placenta? Select one: a. Met...

A: Protein and minerals move from the fetal blood to the maternal blood.

Q: Identify the components of the brainstem, and describe theirfunctions.

A: The brain is a part of the central nervous system that coordinates all the activities in the body. I...

Q: From what embryonic structures do most components ofthe cranial and spinal nerves form?

A: Cranial nerves emerge immediately from the brain comprising the brainstem. The spinal nerves origina...

Q: Give the name of the structure that the phrase describes. The anatomical structure where fertilizati...

A: Fertilization is a process whereby two gametes fuse together to form a zygote. Although the details ...

Q: Holly takes night classes at the local community college. Afterher lecture, she walks alone to her c...

A: The fight or flight response can be described as a mechanism generated by the human nervous system w...

Q: Select the letter of the choice that best completes the statement. Pharyngitis is inflammation of th...

A: The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of the gases- oxygen and carbon dioxide betwe...

Q: Compared with skeletal muscle, visceral smooth musclea. has the same ability to be stretched.b. lose...

A: Smooth muscles are involuntary in action. The walls of hollow organs, including the stomach, bowels,...

Q: explain how B cells recognize and respond to an antigen;

A: The immune system is one of the most complex systems present in human beings. It is comparable to th...

Q: The epineurium isa. a thick, dense irregular connective tissue layerenclosing the nerve.b. a group o...

A:   Step 1 Connective tissues are particular tissues that are found in the body. They hold the body's ...

Q: Individuals can slow the rate of aging by modifying all of these lifestyle aspects except for ______...

A: Ageing can be defined as the time related deterioration of the physiological functions necessary for...

Q: Describe the organs of static and dynamic equilibrium and their functions.

A: Dynamic equilibrium is a condition in which bodies are moving at a constant velocity and static equi...

Q: Give examples of both autocrine and paracrine chemicalmessengers and describe their functions.

A: Hormones are the body’s chemical messengers that control every physiological process of the body, in...

Q: How many sperm are produced in meiosis from one primary spermatocyte? ______

A: There is a system of tiny tubes in the testicles. These tubes, called the seminiferous tubules, hous...

Q: Place the following actions of synaptic transmission in the correct order: 1. voltage-gated Ca+2 cha...

A: The nervous system in the human body is responsible for controlling all the body parts through trans...

Q: Which of the following is a CNS amino acid neurotransmitter with inhibitory function? A glutamate as...

A: Introduction Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that are involved in the transmission of mess...

Q: Describe the positive feedback that is used during parturition. Make sure to include both hormones i...

A: Homeostasis is a tendency to maintain the stability of physical and chemical parameters that enable ...

Q: It was the end of the semester, and Huang had begun toprepare for his final examinations. Unfortunat...

A: The cardiovascular system also known as circulatory system or blood vascular system is responsible f...

Q: Define craniosynostosis

A: Birth defects also called congenital disorders refer to the structural or functional defects present...

Q: Describe the major age-related changes in the male andfemale reproductive systems.

A: The human male and the female genital or reproductive systems have two sections, the external and in...

Q: Select the letter of the choice that best completes the statement. Ovulation usually occursa. the da...

A: Ovulation is the discharge of an egg from one of a woman's ovaries. After the egg discharged, it tou...

Q: What is asthma?

A: Introduction   Inflammation disease occurs when the immune system attacks its body tissues, which ca...

Q: Describe the locations and functions of the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands

A: Introduction: The male has reproductive organs consist of organs that are involved in human reproduc...

Q: What is the first line of defense against disease?

A: The immune system is an organ system of the body that is functionally responsible for protecting the...

Q: Why is one epithelium referred to as “pseudostratified”?

A: The epithelium is referred to as the layer of tissue responsible for covering the body surfaces, cav...