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- Whos the Pollinator? Massonia depressa is a low-growing succulent plant native to the desert of South Africa. The dull-colored flowers of this monocot develop at ground level, have tiny petals, emit a yeasty aroma, and produce a thick, jellylike nectar. These trails led researchers to suspect that desert rodents such as gerbils pollinate this plant. The researchers trapped rodents in areas where M. depressa grows and checked them for pollen (FIGURE 29.7A,B). They also put some plants in wire cages that excluded mammals, but not insects, to see whether fruits and seeds would form in the absence of rodents (FIGURE 29.7C). A The dull petalless, ground-level flower of Massonia depressa are accessible to rodents, who push their heads through the stamens to reach the nectar at the bottom of floral cups. Note the pollen on the gerbils snout. B Evidence of visits to M. depressa by rodents. Mammals allowed access to plants Mammals excluded from plants Percent of plants that set fruit 30.4 4.3 Average number of fruits per pant 1.39 0.47 Average number of seeds per plant 20.0 1.96 C Fruit and seed production of M. depressa with and without visits by mammals. Mammals were excluded from plants by wire cages with openings large enough for insects to pass through. Twenty-three plants were tested in each group. FIGURE 29.7 Testing pollination of M. depressa by rodents. Would this evidence alone be sufficient to conclude that rodents are the main pollinators of this plant?Whos the Pollinator? Massonia depressa is a low-growing succulent plant native to the desert of South Africa. The dull-colored flowers of this monocot develop at ground level, have tiny petals, emit a yeasty aroma, and produce a thick, jellylike nectar. These trails led researchers to suspect that desert rodents such as gerbils pollinate this plant. The researchers trapped rodents in areas where M. depressa grows and checked them for pollen (FIGURE 29.7A,B). They also put some plants in wire cages that excluded mammals, but not insects, to see whether fruits and seeds would form in the absence of rodents (FIGURE 29.7C). A The dull petalless, ground-level flower of Massonia depressa are accessible to rodents, who push their heads through the stamens to reach the nectar at the bottom of floral cups. Note the pollen on the gerbils snout. B Evidence of visits to M. depressa by rodents. Mammals allowed access to plants Mammals excluded from plants Percent of plants that set fruit 30.4 4.3 Average number of fruits per pant 1.39 0.47 Average number of seeds per plant 20.0 1.96 C Fruit and seed production of M. depressa with and without visits by mammals. Mammals were excluded from plants by wire cages with openings large enough for insects to pass through. Twenty-three plants were tested in each group. FIGURE 29.7 Testing pollination of M. depressa by rodents. How did the average number of seeds of produced by caged plants compare with that of control plants?In flowers, the structures that produce male gametophytes are called _______ ;the strcutures that produce female gametophytes are called _______ . a. pollen grains; flowers c. anthers; stigma b. stamen; carpels d. megaspores; microspores
- Choose the statement that is true. a. All flowers are pollinated by bees. b. Apple trees are propagated by grafting because they are triploid. c. Carpels function to attract pollinators. d. A coleoptile protects the plumule of eudicot seedlings. e. The arrival of pollen on a receptive seed is called pollination. f. In plants, sperm cells are male gametes. g. Nutrients in fruits nourish new seedlings.Figure 25.24 Which of the following statements about the fern life cycle is false? Sporangia produce haploid spores. The sporophyte grows from a gametophyte The sporophyte is diploid and the gametophyte is haploid. Sporangia form on the underside of the gametophyte.Whos the Pollinator? Massonia depressa is a low-growing succulent plant native to the desert of South Africa. The dull-colored flowers of this monocot develop at ground level, have tiny petals, emit a yeasty aroma, and produce a thick. jellylike nectar. These features led researchers to suspect that desert rodents such as gerbils pollinate this plant. To test their hypothesis, the researchers trapped rodents in areas where M. depressa grows and checked them for pollen. They also put some plants in wire cages that excluded mammals, but not insects, to see whether fruits and seeds would form in the absence of rodents. The results are shown in FIGURE 29.20. A The dull, petalless, ground-level flowers of Massonia depressa are accessible to rodents, who push their heads through the stamens to reach the nectar at the bottom of floral cups. Note the pollen on the gerbils snout. Type of rodent Number caught # With pollen on snout # with pollen in feces Namaqua rock rat A 3 2 Cape spiny mouse 3 2 2 Hairy-footed gerbil A 2 A Cape short-eared gerbil 1 0 1 African pygmy mouse 1 0 0 B Evidence of Visits to M. depressa by rodents. Mammals allowed Mammals excluded access to plants from plants Percent of plants that set fruit 30.4 4.3 Average number of fruits par plant 1.39 0.47 Average number of seeds per plant 20.0 1.95 C Fruit and seed production of M. depressa with and without visits by mammals. Mammals are excluded from plants by wire cages with openings large enough for insects to pass through. Twenty-three plants were tested in each group. FIGURE 29.20 Testing pollination of M. depressa by rodents. 2. Would this evidence alone be sufficient to conclude that rodents are the main pollinators for this plant?
- Whos the Pollinator? Massonia depressa is a low-growing succulent plant native to the desert of South Africa. The dull-colored flowers of this monocot develop at ground level, have tiny petals, emit a yeasty aroma, and produce a thick. jellylike nectar. These features led researchers to suspect that desert rodents such as gerbils pollinate this plant. To test their hypothesis, the researchers trapped rodents in areas where M. depressa grows and checked them for pollen. They also put some plants in wire cages that excluded mammals, but not insects, to see whether fruits and seeds would form in the absence of rodents. The results are shown in FIGURE 29.20. A The dull, petalless, ground-level flowers of Massonia depressa are accessible to rodents, who push their heads through the stamens to reach the nectar at the bottom of floral cups. Note the pollen on the gerbils snout. Type of rodent Number caught # With pollen on snout # with pollen in feces Namaqua rock rat A 3 2 Cape spiny mouse 3 2 2 Hairy-footed gerbil A 2 A Cape short-eared gerbil 1 0 1 African pygmy mouse 1 0 0 B Evidence of Visits to M. depressa by rodents. Mammals allowed Mammals excluded access to plants from plants Percent of plants that set fruit 30.4 4.3 Average number of fruits par plant 1.39 0.47 Average number of seeds per plant 20.0 1.95 C Fruit and seed production of M. depressa with and without visits by mammals. Mammals are excluded from plants by wire cages with openings large enough for insects to pass through. Twenty-three plants were tested in each group. FIGURE 29.20 Testing pollination of M. depressa by rodents. 3. How did the average number of seeds produced by caged plants compare with that of control plants?Whos the Pollinator? Massonia depressa is a low-growing succulent plant native to the desert of South Africa. The dull-colored flowers of this monocot develop at ground level, have tiny petals, emit a yeasty aroma, and produce a thick. jellylike nectar. These features led researchers to suspect that desert rodents such as gerbils pollinate this plant. To test their hypothesis, the researchers trapped rodents in areas where M. depressa grows and checked them for pollen. They also put some plants in wire cages that excluded mammals, but not insects, to see whether fruits and seeds would form in the absence of rodents. The results are shown in FIGURE 29.20. A The dull, petalless, ground-level flowers of Massonia depressa are accessible to rodents, who push their heads through the stamens to reach the nectar at the bottom of floral cups. Note the pollen on the gerbils snout. Type of rodent Number caught # With pollen on snout # with pollen in feces Namaqua rock rat A 3 2 Cape spiny mouse 3 2 2 Hairy-footed gerbil A 2 A Cape short-eared gerbil 1 0 1 African pygmy mouse 1 0 0 B Evidence of Visits to M. depressa by rodents. Mammals allowed Mammals excluded access to plants from plants Percent of plants that set fruit 30.4 4.3 Average number of fruits par plant 1.39 0.47 Average number of seeds per plant 20.0 1.95 C Fruit and seed production of M. depressa with and without visits by mammals. Mammals are excluded from plants by wire cages with openings large enough for insects to pass through. Twenty-three plants were tested in each group. FIGURE 29.20 Testing pollination of M. depressa by rodents. 4. Do these data support the hypothesis that rodents are required for pollination of M. depressa? Why or why not?Whos the Pollinator? Massonia depressa is a low-growing succulent plant native to the desert of South Africa. The dull-colored flowers of this monocot develop at ground level, have tiny petals, emit a yeasty aroma, and produce a thick. jellylike nectar. These features led researchers to suspect that desert rodents such as gerbils pollinate this plant. To test their hypothesis, the researchers trapped rodents in areas where M. depressa grows and checked them for pollen. They also put some plants in wire cages that excluded mammals, but not insects, to see whether fruits and seeds would form in the absence of rodents. The results are shown in FIGURE 29.20. A The dull, petalless, ground-level flowers of Massonia depressa are accessible to rodents, who push their heads through the stamens to reach the nectar at the bottom of floral cups. Note the pollen on the gerbils snout. Type of rodent Number caught # With pollen on snout # with pollen in feces Namaqua rock rat A 3 2 Cape spiny mouse 3 2 2 Hairy-footed gerbil A 2 A Cape short-eared gerbil 1 0 1 African pygmy mouse 1 0 0 B Evidence of Visits to M. depressa by rodents. Mammals allowed Mammals excluded access to plants from plants Percent of plants that set fruit 30.4 4.3 Average number of fruits par plant 1.39 0.47 Average number of seeds per plant 20.0 1.95 C Fruit and seed production of M. depressa with and without visits by mammals. Mammals are excluded from plants by wire cages with openings large enough for insects to pass through. Twenty-three plants were tested in each group. FIGURE 29.20 Testing pollination of M. depressa by rodents. 1. How many of the 13 captured rodents showed some evidence of pollen from M. depressa?
