What is relation between product tolerance (engineering tolerance) and process variation.? Explain in some details showing some representation. Analyze the following study in terms: Components of variations and their contributions X Chart and R Chart
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- What is relation between product tolerance (engineering tolerance) and process variation.? Explain in some details showing some representation.
- Analyze the following study in terms:
- Components of variations and their contributions
- X Chart and R Chart
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- Using the information in Problem 1.22, estimate the ambient air temperature that could cause frostbite on a calm day on the ski slopes. 1.22 In order to prevent frostbite to skiers on chair lifts, the weather report at most ski areas gives both an air temperature and the wind-chill temperature. The air temperature is measured with a thermometer that is not affected by the wind. However, the rate of heat loss from the skier increases with wind velocity, and the wind-chill temperature is the temperature that would result in the same rate of heat loss in still air as occurs at the measured air temperature with the existing wind. Suppose that the inner temperature of a 3-mm-thick layer of skin with a thermal conductivity of 0.35W/mKis35C and the air temperature is 20C. Under calm ambient conditions the heat transfer coefficient at the outer skin surface is about 20W/m2K (see Table 1.4), but in a 40-mph wind it increases to 75W/m2K. If frostbite occurs when the skin temperature drops to about 10C, do you advise the skier to wear a face mask? What is the skin temperature drop due to the wind?The transducer specified in Table 1.1 is chosen to measurea nominal pressure of 500 cm H2O. The ambient temperature is expected to vary between 18 ∘C and 25 ∘C duringtests. Estimate the possible range (magnitude) of each listedelemental error affecting the measured pressure refering to the solution provided online, Sensitivity error(eK) = (±0.0025)(500 cm H2O)= ± 0.75 cm H2O = ± 0.00375 V how do you get 0.75?? shoud it not be 1.25? according the answer, for sensitivityCalculate the individual uncertainties associated for measuring this velocity from the provide individual values given by the manufacture. Then determine the design stage instrument uncertainty. Which uncertainty (or which couple of uncertainties) is the most significant contributor? You attempt to determine the validity of a mass balance in your lab by repeatedly placing 100 g calibration weight on it. Fifteen readings were obtained with values of 101.2, 100.1, 99.8, 100.5, 101.1, 100, 100, 99.6, 101.5, 100.8, 100.9, 100.3, 99.8, 100.5, and 100.9 Estimate the bias error and the maximum precision error of the measurements
- The shear modulus, G, of an alloy can be determined by measuring the angular twist, θ,resulting from a torque applied to a cylindrical rod made from the alloy. For a rod of radius Rand a torque applied at a length L from a fixed end, the modulus is found by G=2LT/pR4θ.Examine the effect of the relative uncertainty of each measured variable on the shearmodulus. If during test planning all of the uncertainties are estimated to be 1%, what is theuncertainty in G?(a) A very important component of a system has a mean time between failures of 100 hr and a mean time to repair of 10 hr. Determine the inherent availability of the system. (b) If the equipment in Q7 (c i) above is required to meet an inherent availability requirement of 0.985 and a mean time between failures of 100 hr. Calculate the permissible mean time to repair and if the system as a mean of the time intervals between corrective maintenance actions of 900 hrs and the sum of the mean corrective maintenance time intervals including supply downtime and administrative down time of 10 hrs Determine the operational availability of the systemThe transducer specified in Table 1.1 is chosen to measurea nominal pressure of 500 cm H2O. The ambient temperature is expected to vary between 18 ∘C and 25 ∘C duringtests. Estimate the possible range (magnitude) of each listedelemental error affecting the measured pressure. How do I calculate the sensitivity error? The solution that was given: Sensitivity error(eK) = (±0.0025)(500 cm H2O)= ± 0.75 cm H2O = ± 0.00375 V My Question is, how do you obtain 0.75 since 0.0025 x 500 gives 1.25! please help. thanks
- The same engineer decides to look into rates of cooling for liquids toexperiment with different cooling solutions for servers. She finds thatthe rate of cooling for one liquid can be modelled by the equation:y = 48 × 0.99t(0 ≤ t ≤ 80)where y is the temperature of the liquid in degrees Celsius and t is thetime in minutes.(i) State whether the type of reduction for this model is linear orexponential. Describe how reduction rate differs between linear andexponential functions. (ii) Calculate the temperature when t = 20. [3](iii) Write down the scale factor and use this to find the percentagedecrease in the temperature per minute. (iv) Use the method shown in Subsection 5.2 of Unit 13 to find the timeat which the temperature is 30◦(v) Determine the halving time of the temperature.Determine the blade length for a wind turbine that supplies an electrical power output of 1.95 MW and given the following parameters: Wind speed = 51 km/hr The gear, generator and electric efficiencies are 93%, 95% and 91% respectively. The power coefficient of the wind turbine is the maximum possible as given by the Lanchester-Betz limit. Assume the atmospheric air conditions are 1.01325 bar and 27 °C21_Cd calculated in flow over weirs represent Select one:a. Factor for calibrationb. The difference between actual flow and theoretical flowc. Water flow peak factord. Factor of turbulence of water flow 22_Thermal conductivity factor depends on Select one:a. Size of materialb. All of themc. Type of materiald. Density of material 23_Cooling is used in thermal conductivity test to Select one:a. To cool the device from over heatingb. Allow for thermal flow over the materialc. Noned. Cooling is not used in this exp 24_The device with highest static head loss is Select one:a. No static head loss in this experiment b. Venturi meterc. Orifice pland. Rotameter 25_Hand pump in flow measurement devices used to Select one:a. Noneb. To create pressurized water flowc. To clean the devicesd. To reset the manometers 26_If surface is not leveled under the center of pressure tank Select one:a. Legs of the device can be rotated to create level surfaceb. Items should be added under the device to…
- The mechanical friction mean effective pressure of a 4-cylinder Sl engine has a quadratic function with a = 80, b = 95 and c = 130. Three measurements have been done at three different engine rotational speeds N. The amep is found equal to 12.3, 21.4 and 28.7 kPa and the pmep is found equal to 25, 63.55 and 107.6 kPa at N equal to 2200, 4500 and 6500 rpm respectively. If the net indicated mean effective pressure is equal to 558.2 kPa at N = 3740 rpm, the mechanical efficiency is equal to (%): Select one: O a. 71 O b. 84 O c. 87 O d. 76 O e. 91A chemical engineer desiring to study the evaporation rate of water from brine evaporation beds obtained data on the number of inches of evaporation in each of 55 July days spread over 4 years. The data are given in the following stem and leaf plot, which shows that the smallest data value was 0.02 inch, and the largest 0.56 inch. Stem Leaf 0.0 2, 6 0.1 1, 4 0.2 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 9 0.3 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9 0.4 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9 0.5 2, 5, 6 Find the: a) sample mean; b) sample median; c) sample standard deviation of these data. d) Do the data appear to be approximately normal? e) What percentage of data values are within 1 standard deviation of the mean?b ) In a small hydro power station , electricity generation is highly related to the performance of a turbine . Thus , reliability and quality are very crucial . As an example , reliability function , R ( t ) of a turbine represented by the following equation : R ( 1 ) = ( 1-1 / t . ) ² 0≤1≤to Where , to is the maximum life of the blade 1 . Prove that the blades are experiencing wear out . ii . Compute the Mean Time to Failure ( MTTF ) as a function of the maximum life . iii . If the maximum life is 2000 operating hours , determine the design life for a reliability of 0.90