What is the approximate value of the energy output for a 0.5 kW PV system for Amarillo, Taxes, for the month of January if the system is as ollows: BP solar, crystalline silicon, 225-W module, 1.65 mx 1 m, area = 1.65 m2; array of two modules tilted at latitude? (Consider the Amari ata; January average day = 4.9 kWh/m²/day. Es = 70%, Ec = 17%)
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Q: What is the approximate value of the energy output for a 0.5 kW PV system for Amarillo, Taxes, for…
A: 0.5 kW PV system for Amarillo, Taxes, for the month of January,BP Solar, crystalline silicon, 225-W…
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- In the United States, energy for household heating is generally sold using English units, e.g., therm, gal, and cord. A house in Wisconsin uses 1200 therms of thermal energy during the heating season. Calculate the cost of fuel if the furnace uses (a) natural gas with an efficiency of 70%; (b) No. 2 fuel oil, efficiency 65%; (c) kerosene, efficiency 99.9% (unvented); and (d) wood with l5% moisture with an efficiency of 50%. Use the data in Tables 2.2, 2.7, and 2.13. The efficiencies are based on the HHV. Assume the cost of natural gas is $8/MBtu, the cost of No. 2 fuel oil is $3/gal, the cost of kerosene is $3.50/gal, and the cost of wood is $100/cord. Assume the bulk density of cord wood is 30 lbm/ft3 .Estimate how much collector area and storage capacity would be required for an active solar hot-water system designed to supply the total needs for two four-person families, one living in Manchester, New Hampshire, where the latitude is 44+°N, and the other in Albuquerque, New Mexico, at 35+°N. The heat capacity of water is about 4,200 J/kg°C, and the hot-water supply temperature in both houses is 75°C (140°F). State and justify all additional assumptions made.The roofs of many homes in the United States are covered with photovoltaic (PV) solar cells that resemble roof tiles, generating electricity quietly from solar energy. An article stated that over its projected 30-year service life, a 4-kW roof PV system in California will reduce the production of CO2 that causes global warming by 433,000 lbm, sulfates that cause acid rain by 2900 lbm, and nitrates that cause smog by 1660 lbm. The article also claims that a PV roof will save 253,000 lbm of coal, 21,000 gallons of oil, and 27 million ft3 of natural gas. Making reasonable assumptions for incident solar radiation, efficiency, and emissions, evaluate these claims and make corrections if necessary.
- The Nevada Solar One solar thermal power plant covers a land area of 140 hectares and has an estimated peak output of 64 MW. If the peak solar fl ux reaching the surface of that part of Nevada is about 630 W/m2, what is the net efficiency of the power plant? Compare your answer with some of the higher effi ciencies of semiconductor solar cells.The solar power striking Earth every day averages 168watts per square meter. The highest ever recorded electricalpower usage in New York City was 13,200 MW. A recordestablished in July of 2013. Considering that present technologyfor solar energy conversion is about 10% efficient,from how many square meters of land must sunlight becollected in order to provide this peak power? (For comparison,the total area of New York City is 830 km2.)Good Day , Am struggling with the two questions below , please assit Question 1 A solar-power-tower plant is considered for Dakar, Senegal. Heliostats with a total area of 80,000 m2 are to be used to reflect solar radiation into a receiver. When the solar irradiation is 950 W/m2, steam is produced at 2 MPa and 400°C at a rate of 20 kg/s. This steam is expanded in a turbine to 20 kPa pressure. The enthalpy at the exit of the turbine is 2484.5 kJ/kg.(a) Determine the power output and the thermal efficiency of the plant when the solar radiation is 950 W/m2.(b) How much electricity can be produced per year if the average thermal efficiency is 15 % and the generator efficiency is 96 %? Question 2 To reduce cooling electricity consumption in an industrial plant, it is proposed to install an absorption refrigeration system running on solar energy. The absorption system costs $300,000 and the operating and maintenance expenses are $8000 per year. It is estimated that this absorption system…
- It is proposed that solar energy be used to worm a larg collector plate This energy would in turn, be transferred as heat to a fluid with a heat engine, and the engine would reject energy as heat to the atmosphere Experiments indicate that about 1440 m² h of energy can be collected whe the plate ts operating at 127°C. Estimate the minimum collector area that would be required for a plant producing 1kW of useful shaft power The atmospheric temperature may be assumed to be 27°°CResidual oil, with a heating value of 18,480 BTU/lbm, is used as a fuel in a power plant which produces 947,870 BTU/s of electricity. The overall efficiency of the power plant is 52%. Determine the: a. Heat input, in BTU/s b. Daily fuel consumption, in lbm c. Dimensions of the cylindrical storage (assuming length is equal to the diameter), in ft. d. Heat rejected to the environment, in BTU/s. The density of the oil is 62 lbm/ft3(a) Compare flat plate, parabolic collectors to be used for a solar thermal plant with respect to (i) temperature, (ii) concentration ratio, (iii) suitability, and (iv) absorber type. (b) A tidal power plant of single basin type, has a basin area of 25 x 10 to power 6 m2. The tide has a range of 10m. The turbine however, stops operating when the head on it falls below 2 m. Calculate the energy generated in one filling process, in KWh if the turbine generator efficiency is 75%. (Density of sea water = 1025 kg/m2)
- A point-focus concentrating solar collector comprising 490 heliostats and a central receiver atop a tall solar tower (see Figure 8.5) is operating under the following conditions: • Beam solar radiation flux incident on the heliostat Ib,N = 830 W/m2 • Single heliostat surface area Ah = 120 m2 • Heliostat–receiver concentration ratio C = 520 • Optical efficiency of the heliostat–receiver system ηopt = 0.8 • Effective overall heat loss coefficient of the absorber/receiver Uc.e = 35 W/m2K • HTF: molten salt • HTF temperatures at the receiver inlet and outlet Tin = 333°C and Tout = 565°C • Ambient temperature Ta = 36°C • HTF specific heat c = 1.03 kJ/(kg K) Calculate • Total aperture area of the heliostat field • Collector useful heat output rateIf we wanted to supply all the electricity needs for New York City (NYC), with a popula- tion of about 10 million people, using photovoltaics technology, how much land area would we need? What other elements would be required for such an idea to work for NYC? How large of an investment would this involve, and how would the price of electricity in ¢ per kWeh have to increase in order to recover that investment in 10 years at an interest rate of 8%? For comparison, the average New Yorker paid 12¢/kWeh in 2002.A homeowner in Allentown, PA installs a 60° south-facing solar collectorthat (on the average over the year) replaces 1 kW of electric heat (purchased from thepublic utility at $0.11 per kWh). The homeowner is considering adding a trackingmechanism to maintain perpendicular alignment of the collector with the solar insolation.If the payback period for the upgrade is expected to be five years, what should thehomeowner be willing to pay for the tracking device?