What is the evolutionary advantage of the occurrence of sperm cells and larval stage in the life cycle of sponges?

Q: Which of the following are asexual stages of the parasite? f Select one or more: O Ring stage O…

A: INTRODUCTION Malaria Malaria is caused by plasmodium parasite.

Q: What are the germ layers? How many germ layers do sea sponges have? What phylum do sea sponges…

A: Germ layers are formed in the early embryonic stages of foetal development, they ultimately form…

Q: Which are the germ layers present in cnidarians? Which tissues of the animal do they originate?

A: Cnidarians, also known as coelenterates are mostly marine organisms and includes corals, hydras, and…

Q: What are embryophtes?

A: Plants are mainly multicellular organisms, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom…

Q: Describe the process involved in hermaphrodite reproductive strategy in chaetognatha.

A: Chaetognaths also called as arrow worm because of its shape as torpedo or arrow. These are dominant…

Q: Looking at a variety of animals,what are the advantages to restricting reproduction to a limited…

A: Animal species that successfully mate only during certain times of the year are known as seasonal…

Q: How are mammalian sperm cells produced and incubated at a lower temperature than body temperature?

A: Mammalian sperm is the male gamete that is produced by the process of spermatogenesis in males. Once…

Q: Is reproduction in sponges sexual or asexual? What is the evolutionary advantage of the occurrence…

A: Budding, gemmation, or fragmentation (regeneration) are examples of asexual reproduction in sponges,…

Q: What primary germ layer gives rise to the notochord? What is the function of the notochord?

A: Notochord It is a flexible, rod shaped body found in embryos of all chordates.

Q: What is a nauplius? What is the difference between direct and indirect development in Crustacea?

A: The ear is divided into the inner ear, middle ear or ear canal and the inner ear. The outer ear…

Q: How does the animal regulate the temperature of its scrotum during hot and cold climatic conditions?

A: The Scrotum is a sac of skin that hangs from the body at the front of the pelvis , between the legs.

Q: Describe the various methods of asexual reproduction in Ulothrix.

A: Ulothrix genus is a fresh water green algae found in ponds and lakes. The cells contain a distinct…

Q: How do the positions of the archegonium and antheridium relate to their reproductive function?

A: In the plant, anatomy archegonium can be described as a flask-shaped multicellular female structure…

Q: Explain the Type of protostome that produces atrochophore larva ?

A: Larvae are seen across the animal kingdom and are a specific juvenile form before they metamorphose…

Q: How does the difference in size and cellular contents between spermand eggs relate to their specific…

A: Ovum is the female gamete, in which the cells are rounded spheres and non-motile, and they are not…

Q: Describe internal fertilization process in sea urchin.

A: The process of internal fertilization occurs when a male and female gamete fuse inside the female…

Q: What is ovarian funnels in earthworm?

A: Earthworms are the members of the phylum Annelida of the kingdom Animalia.  The body of the…

Q: What is the male reproductive system of frog?

A: Sexual dimorphism is present in frog. During the breeding system, both the male and female frogs…

Q: Cnidarians development will continue to include the stage. --- Gastrula Zygote Blastula Gamete

A: Cnidarians are also commonly known as coelenterates. They are a phylum under Kingdom Animalia that…

Q: What is the significance of having an invariant cell lineage of the nematode,

A: Caenorhabditis elegans is a model organism which help us to study various human diseases. This worm…

Q: Where are nematocysts located in the Anthozoans (subphylum Anthozoa)?

A: Anthozoa is a subphylum under phylum Cnidaria.It is a class of marine invertebrates which includes…

Q: What is the name of the larva of coral and sea anemones ? What is the biological importance of that…

A: The larva is a developmental stage that is different from the adult stage. The organism has…

Q: In the sexual reproducing phyla Nematoda, are the animal’s hermaphrodites or separate  sexes?

A: Hermaphrodites are the animals which have both the sexes present in the same body i,.e they are able…

Q: . How does the fertilization envelope form in sea urchins?What is its function?

A: Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete…

Q: What is the name of the larva of corals and sea anemones? What is the biological importance of that…

A: Corals belong to the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria.  They are marine invertebrates and are…

Q: How do the two kinds of mammalian reproductive cycles—estrous and menstrual—differ from each other?

A: The reproductive cycles refers to the change in the physiological changes in the reproductive organs…

Q: Recent fossil evidence shows a placoderm with a developing embryo inside its body. In the absence of…

A: The fossil, Materpiscis attenboroughi, which is related to placoderms in Devonian period, showed the…

Q: Explain how sponges reproduce sexually.

A: Porifera is the phylum that includes sponges. It's a rudimentary creature with a lot of cells but no…

Q: What type of a body plan doescoelenterates, ctenophores andechinoderms have?A. Annelida…

A: The animals are the most abundant living organism that are found in almost every habitat. They have…

Q: Is reproduction in sponges sexual or asexual?

A: Sponges belong to phylum Porifera.

Q: The phylum Nematoda is protostome or Deuterostome ?

A: Phylum Nematode commonly referred to as roundworms or thread worms are aquatic or terrestrial,…

Q: How do reptile eggs protect the young?

A: Parental care is a type of behavior shown by the animals to protect their young ones.

Q: Cite two examples of hermaphrodites and their means of preventing self-fertilization.

A: It is critical to learn and know the anatomy and physiology of the body. Many changes in the animal…

Q: What is the type of asexual reproduction that occurs in hydras?

A: Asexual reproduction: This is a type of reproduction where one parent can give rise to offspring…

Q: What is the importance of sensory cephalization in animal survival?

A: Cephalization is the process in animals by which nervous and sensory tissues become concentrated in…

Q: What are two features that put the octopus in the phylum Mollusca?

A: Mollusks are defined as a large group of invertebrates. They generally have soft body, also the…

Q: What are the biological troubles that molluscs face due to their soft body?

A: The animals belonging to the phylum mollusc are invertebrates and are mostly marine. Many molluscs…

Q: What are the genes and proteins involved in the formation of axes in nematodes?

A: Any worm of the phylum Nematoda is known as Nematodes. They are commonly known as roundworms. They…

Q: How are the main classes of arthropods classified according to the presence of larval stage in their…

A: The members of phylum Arthropoda are collectively referred to as arthropods. Segmented body, the…

Q: Distinguish two mechanisms by which flatworms supply yolk for their embryos. Which system is…

A: In the living world, we see a large number of microorganisms, animals and plants. These organisms…

Q: Which earthworms have a clitellum?a). adultsb). juvenilesc). juvenile femalesd). malese). adult…

A: Annelids are included under the sub kingdom eumetazoa and is characterized by bilateral symmetry and…

Q: What is the notochord?How is this structure formed?

A: Embryology is about the study of zygote and embryonic and organ development in plants and animals.…

Q: Concerning germ layers and the presence of coelom how are arthropods characterized?

A: Arthropods belong to kingdom Animalia and phylum Euarthropoda. Artho means joint and pous mean…

Q: Reproduction is usually secual with both male and female sexes, however asexual reproduction does…

A: Reproduction can be divided into two categories. One of the categories include asexual reproduction.…

Q: What is the cleavage pattern of Cnidarians?

A: Cnidarian, is also known as coelenterate is a member of the phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata), These…

Q: Coelom formation in Deuterostomes is ____________ whereas in Protostomes is _____________.

A: Metazoans are classified into deuterostomes and protostomes due to their different embryonic…

Q: What is the destination of the notochord in vertebrates and in protochordates?

A: A notochord appears in embryos as a small flexible rod made from cells from the mesoderm. It is only…

Q: What is the examples of animals reproducing sexually and ansexually?

A: Reproduction is considered a major biological process, where a matured organism produces new…

Tissue renewal

In multicellular organisms, tissue is a level of structure that consists of a group of physically and functionally identical cells and their intercellular substances. Unicellular organisms do not have tissues. Tissues are absent or poorly differentiated even in the simplest multicellular animals, such as sponges. However, more evolved multicellular animals and plants have specialized tissues that may organize and govern an organism's reaction to its surroundings. The word tissue is derived from the Latin word 'weave.' Plants and animals have various kinds of tissue systems that differ in their work and composition according to the different requirements.