What is the role of each of the following in the electron transport chain: (a) FADH 2; (b) ADP; (c) ATP synthase; (d) the inner mitochondrial membrane?
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What is the role of each of the following in the electron
transport chain: (a) FADH 2; (b) ADP; (c) ATP synthase;
(d) the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- If electron flow through the ETC stops, what happens to the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane and How does the effect that cyanide has on the proton gradient (above) in turn affect ATP synthesis?What happens to the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane if electron flow through the ETC stops?The inner mitochondrial membrane exhibits all of the fundamental characteristics of a typical cell membrane, but it also has several unique characteristics that are closely associated with its role in oxidative phosphorylation. What are these unique characteristics? How does each contribute to the function of the inner membrane?
- Could the inner mitochondrial membrane carry out its functions in the coupling of electron transport and ATP synthesis if its lipid bilayer were readily permeable to hydrogen ions (protons)?A new weight loss drug, Super Fat Melter, is introduced on the market but then quickly recalled after a few patients die. As it turns out, the pill makes the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. What impact does this have on ATP production? Explain, with reference to the type of phosphorylation affected.How many ATPs are produced by the respiratory chain from all the molecules od FADH2 formed from the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule?
- The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes: the NADH-Q reductase complex, succinate dehydrogenase, the cytochrome c reductase complex, and the cytochrome c oxidase complex. What do they have in common?What compounds are the immediate source of the "high energy electrons" that enter the electron transport system of mitochondria? Where do these electron-donating compounds gain their electrons? What type of compounds are these electron-donating compounds?Maximal production of ATP from glucose involves the reactions of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Which of these reactions requires O2, and why? Which, in certain organisms or physiological conditions, can proceed in the absence of O2?