It has taken considerable amounts of research to establish the number of protons pumped across the mitochondrial membrane at the various stages of electron transport.Would you expect to encounter difficulties in determining thenumber of protons pumped in electron transport across the thylakoid membrane? Why or why not?

Q: The ATP synthase F1 of mitochondrial inner membranes sticks into the ________ and the ________…

A: Mitochondria are also known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Q: Per NADH consumed by Complex I, indicate the number for each, AS those reducing equivalents flow…

A: The electron transport chain is a series of electron carriers through which the electrons are…

Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…

A: The structure is called a lipid bi-layer because it is composed of two layers of fat cells organized…

Q: In the electron transport chain, NADH is oxidized at complex ____, and FADH2 is oxidized at complex…

A: Reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 retains most of the free energy produced during the process glucose…

Q: Identify the oxidized and reduced forms of the following pairs: O2/H2O NO2- / NO3- NADP+ / NADPH…

A: An oxidation-reduction reaction is a chemical reaction in which a molecule gain or loss their…

Q: During oxidative phosphorylation, the proton motive force that is generated by electron transport is…

A: Ans- During oxidative phosphorylation, the proton motive force that is generated by electron…

Q: It has taken considerable amounts of re search to establish the number of protons pumped across the…

A: In plants, the electron transport chain(ETC) tends to occurs in the thylakoid of the chloroplasts,…

Q: If electron flow through the ETC stops, what happens to the proton gradient across the mitochondrial…

A: 1.If Electron flow through the ETC stops, proton gradient cannot be maintained i.e, less ATP will be…

Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…

A: Please report to the second half of the question which is the electron flow during photosynthesis…

Q: In the process of electron and H transport in the mitochondrial inner membrane, which of the…

A: Mitochondria are the membrane-bound organelles that produce the energy required to power the various…

Q: Electron transfer translocates protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the external medium,…

A: Given : pH medium = 7.4 pH matrix = 7.7 Temperature = 25 degrees celcius = ( 273+25 ) K = 298 K   (0…

Q: Draw a simple sketch illustrating an inner mitochondrial membrane that is actively involved in…

A: The mitochondria are one of the cellular organelles, which has a double bilipid membrane and the…

Q: Explain how the mechanism of ATP generation in the chloroplast similar to that in the mitochondria?…

A: Introduction Plants and other organisms use photosynthesis to transform light energy into chemical…

Q: A poison that prevents the transfer of electrons from the last [Fe-S] cluster of Complex I to…

A: OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION It the process of oxidising the nutrients in order to produce energy . It…

Q: Pioglitazone, a drug used to treat diabetes, causes some membrane-embedded portions of mitochondrial…

A: Complex I is the largest multi-subunit complex of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain (MRC), that causes…

Q: xposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However,…

A: In mitochondria two closely connected components are responsible for the oxidative phophorylation…

Q: The chemical coupling hypothesis (substrate-level phosphorylation) failed to explain why…

A: Chemical Coupling Hypothesis it's the oldest hypothesis it proposes that electron transport is…

Q: In biochemistry, the exergonic process ofconverting glucose and oxygen to carbon dioxide and water…

A: Photosynthesis is the process of making food by the plants in the form of glucose by using carbon…

Q: During electron transfer between the inner mitochondrial membrane components of the electron…

A: Cell organelles are the membrane bound sub cellular structures present inside the cell membrane.…

Q: Can O2 be considered an uncoupler in the mitochondria to increase electron transport? What about…

A: Uncouplers in mitochondria inhibit the coupling between the electron transport and phosphorylation…

Q: Which of the following best describes the specific gradients driving ATP synthesis in figures A and…

A: Various processes are utilized in carrying out various biochemical processes.

Q: Explain in your own words the transport of four protons out of the mitochondrial matrix via the Q…

A: In electron transport (ETC), the quinol  Q cycle is the series of reactions of the oxidation and…

Q: Could the inner mitochondrial membrane carry out its functions in the coupling of electron transport…

A: Mitochondria is a cellular organelle. It is a membrane bound organelle which performs cellular…

Q: Mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids is a major source of ATP, yet fatty acids can be oxidized…

A: Introduction  All cells require energy to survive and energy comes from respiration or metabolism.…

Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…

A: Complex 1- electrons go to Complex 1, 4 protons pumped from matrix to intermembrane space. Complex…

Q: In chloroplasts, a greater pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane is required to power the…

A: The chlorophyll acquires its electrons from water by creating oxygen as a result. During the…

Q: which of the following woudl decrease the number of atp molecules generated per nadh molecule in the…

A: Electron transport chain in present mitochondria and it consists of various complex and the atp…

Q: As glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules, the link reaction occurs twice per…

A: Glycolysis is the process of complete oxidation of glucose resulting in the formation of 2 pyruvate…

Q: (A) Do electron transport chains create a gradient so that ATP synthase can generate ATP molecules?…

A: ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme machinery which is located in the inner membrane of…

Q: When NADH and FADH2 are oxidized by the proteins in the electron transport chain, A) protons are…

A: Electron transport chain is mechanism which takes the electrons from the electron donor and gives to…

Q: A larger proton gradient is required to forma single ATP in chloroplasts than in mitochondria.…

A: Major constituents of the living world are plants. These organisms require energy for performing…

Q: Which statements below reflect differences between the electron transport chain (ETC) that operates…

A: Electron Transport Chain consists of a series of protein complexes through which transfer of an…

Q: Suppose you are planning experiments to measure oxygen consumption in a preparation of inverted…

A: Given: NADH and succinate are substrates that can be oxidized and will consume oxygen. Rotenone and…

Q: Cyanide is a poisonous substance. Cyanide is a cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor that is competitive.…

A: The body's ability to convert cyanide to thiocyanate is overwhelmed in large doses. Cyanide in high…

Q: Why do yeast cells convert pyruvate to ethanol in the absence of oxygen? to produce CO2 for…

A: Anaerobic respiration is an alternate mode of energy generation in which an exogenous electron…

Q: Oxidised C XXXX NADH + H+ Oxidised A Reduced B Electrons NAD+ Reduced , Oxidised B Reduced B Figure…

A: Oxidative Phosphorylation--- ATP is called as energy currency and for each glucose molecule the body…

Q: To form malate, what does NADH in the mitochondrial matrix serve as? Electron donor or acceptor?

A: The body needs the energy to carry out processes. Energy comes from food which gives glucose which…

Q: Explain the organization of electron carriers in mitochondrial membrane.

A: The inner mitochondrial membrane contains various components of the electron transport system. It…

Q: Which of the following is a TRUE statement concerning BOTH photophosphorylation (in photosynthesis)…

A: Photosynthetic phosphorylation is occurs by phosphorylating the ADP into ATP with the help of…

Q: Look at the diagram of the mitochondrial electron transport chain below and answer the questions…

A: Introduction: The electron transport chain is the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to…

Q: Oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP using the reducing power of [NADH, FADH2 or malate]  to move…

A: In the electron transport chain there are three large multiprotein complexes that can serve as…

Q: The following diagrams illustrate the two aqueous spaces and the inner membrane of the…

A: Answer 5) The process of forming ATP from ADP and Pi coupled with electron transport chain is termed…

Q: Under some conditions, mitochondrial ATP synthase has been observed to actually run in reverse. How…

A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is the final stage of aerobic cellular respiration. During the…

Q: propose a mechanism that could allow pyruvate to cross the mitochondrial memebranes to enter the…

A: Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis that occurs in the cytosol.

Q: There are some drugs that can inhibit the activity of ATP synthase. How does this affect the pH of…

A: ATP synthase is an enzyme, which directly generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during the…

Q: Which statement is correct in describing the electron transport chain (ETC)? Electron transfer in…

A: All cells require energy (ATP) to carry out various cellular processes, such as active transport,…

Q: In the 1940s, some physicians prescribed the drug DNP (dinitrophenol) to help patients lose weight.…

A: Inner mitochondrial membrane contains groups of electron and proton transporting enzymes. In each…

Q: Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport system are similar in that: (READ THESE ANSWER…

A: The electron transport chain is a group of protein complexes that use redox reactions to transfer…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.