What is the role of the stretch reflex? The flexor reflex?

Q: Define spatial summation

A: Summation refers to the process of the addition of things. In neurophysiology, summation refers to t...

Q: Label the internal structures of the frog’s heart. Write the answers in the space provided.

A: The frog has a closed circulatory system. Thus it has a heart that acts as the muscular pump to pump...

Q: Select the correct lettered answer ____ 1. White blood cells engulf bacteria. This is an example of ...

A: The cellular fraction of blood contains three types of cells also called the formed (living) element...

Q: Name the hormone that is the major regulator of Ca2+levels in the body. What stimulates the secretio...

A: Hormones participate nearly in every body process either directly or indirectly. They involved in me...

Q: A tissue composed of cells located in lacunae surrounded by a hardmatrix of hydroxyapatite isa. hyal...

A: The biological levels of the organization are the hierarchy that represents the arrangement of livin...

Q: Define the viscosity and osmolarity of blood. Explain whyeach of these is important for human surviv...

A: The cardiovascular system is primarily composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. This system ...

Q: List the levels of classification, from the least inclusive(species) to the most inclusive (domain).

A: The number and diversity of living organisms is so enormous that it is not possible to study without...

Q: Question 30 Spermatogenesis. At the end of meiosis II, a spermatid cell will have which amount of dn...

A: The origin and development of the sperm cells within the male reproductive organs called  Spermatoge...

Q: Which of the following are true of lymph nodes? (More than one answer may apply). Checkpoint for f...

A: The immune system is the organ system of the body that is principally accountable for protecting the...

Q: Which hormone is the major regulator of Ca2+ in the blood? What are the effects of hypercalcemia? Hy...

A: In the human body, calcium ions are considered to be a prominent factor for all physiological and bi...

Q: Define blastocele

A: Fertilization, also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy, is the fusion of gametes that result...

Q: In which part of the nephron does most reabsorption occur?

A: A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. It filters the waste products from the blood and pro...

Q: The type of leukocyte that produces antibodies is a (an)a. eosinophil.b. basophil.c. T-lymphocyte.d....

A: White blood cells have nuclei and do not contain hemoglobin. White blood cells are classified as eit...

Q: The test that is used to determine if a person has developed Cushing's Syndrome by using an exogenou...

A: Cushing syndrome that is commonly caused as the HYPERCORTISOLISM is a condition where the cortisol l...

Q: Describe the anatomy and physiology of the heart as well as cardiac electrophysiology, including nor...

A: Heart forms the key organ of the cardiovascular system of our body ensuring continuous circulation o...

Q: Define adenylate cyclase

A: Signal transduction is a pathway in which molecular signals are transmitted. Signals can be changed ...

Q: Why would a spinal injury in the cervical region result in more extensive deficits in motor and sens...

A: The Spinal cord is the pathways for sensory input to the brain and the motor output from the brain. ...

Q: How would a decrease in the amount of bile salts in the bile affect the amount of vitamin A in the b...

A: The amount of Bile salts is one of the primary components of bile. it is a greenish-yellow fluid mad...

Q: Define papilla

A: The dermal papilla purposes as a signaling center during preliminary hair morphogenesis in the embry...

Q: 24)

A: A butterfly-shaped gland that is situated low on the front of the neck, is named the thyroid gland. ...

Q: describe some aspects of experimental design that helpto ensure objective and reliable results

A: The experiment is a test or establishment of a hypothesis. It is a systematic means to explore the s...

Q: Define bile

A: Liver is the largest gland, weighing about 1.5Kg. It is present on the right side of the abdominal c...

Q: Define cementum

A: The purpose of human teeth is to mechanically break down food by cutting and crushing it in order to...

Q: Which neurotransmitters have largely excitatory effects?

A: In the human body, the common extracellular signaling molecules are neurotransmitters, immune cells,...

Q: Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: The germinal centers in lymph nodes are la...

A: Lymph nodes are the glands that filter lymphatic fluids. Lymphatic fluid is a clear fluid obtained f...

Q: Which of the following statements describes smooth muscle cells?a. They are resistant to fatigue.b. ...

A: Smooth muscle is a type of muscle tissue which is used by various systems to apply pressure to vesse...

Q: Describe the immediate consequences of a blood clot occluding the afferent arteriole or the efferent...

A: Blood clot:    When the blood thickens and forms a semisolid mass, a gel like structure it is called...

Q: What substances are excreted in sweat? Is the skin animportant site of excretion?

A: The integumentary contribute to homeostasis by protecting the body and helping regulate body tempera...

Q: People who practice purging themselves after eating (bulimics) ruin the dentin of their teeth. What ...

A: Bulimia is a serious, potentially life-threatening, psychological eating disorder. It involves binge...

Q: Define periosteum

A: Bone is a highly vascularized type of connective tissue which is durable and strong due to the matri...

Q: Describe the effects of aging on muscle tissue.

A: Aging affects all organs and systems of the body. Due to aging, there are changes observed in the mu...

Q: Apoptosisa. is a programmed cell death.b. removes excess cells between the developing fingers and to...

A: Cell death occurs in two ways. They are: Death by injury - Necrosis Death by suicide - Apoptosis A...

Q: Describe graded potentials and name several examples.

A: The speed and the efficiency  of the nervous system is contributable to the  electrical and chemical...

Q: In pneumonia, fluid accumulates in the alveoli of the lungs. How would this accumulation affect vita...

A: Pneumonia is a lung infection which may be moderate to severe that a person could be hospitalized. I...

Q: Relate the structural specializations of epithelial tissuewith the functions they perform

A: All living organisms have a specific organization of cells, tissues, organs, etc. Cells are the fund...

Q: Explain how inflammation of the glomerular capsule causes hematuria.

A: Kidney is one of the major organs of the excretory system. Kidney is a bean-shaped organ located beh...

Q: Define serum

A: The cardiovascular system of the human body is made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Blood...

Q: Define endocytosis

A: Immunity is the resistance to disease. The two important components of immunity are innate and adapt...

Q: List the functions of the adipose tissue within thesubcutaneous tissue

A: Adipose tissue is the body fat found in the subcutaneous area (beneath the skin) and visceral area (...

Q: List the major contributions of the seminal vesicles andprostate to the semen, and state the functio...

A: The male reproductive system is formed of three glands-seminal vesicles, prostrate gland and cowper'...

Q: At rest, how many liters of air flow in and out of the lungs and howmany liters of blood flow throug...

A: The respiratory system contributes to the breathing that comprises the inhalation and exhalation cyc...

Q: Identify the 4 ventricles of the brain and describe their functions

A: The brain is a complex organ that is made up of billions of neurons that communicate with each other...

Q: Circle the false statement about the bones of the forearm: (a) The ulna is the medial bone. (b) The ...

A: The forearm is the ulna and radius. We known that the anatomically the ulna is positioned medial rad...

Q: Recombination signal sequences are conserved heptamer and nonamer sequences that flank the V, J, and...

A: Introduction: RAG 1 & 2 are the recombination activating genes that encode a portion of a protei...

Q: Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium can be found lining thea. digestive tract. c. thyroid ...

A: The pseudostratified columnar epithelium is tissue formed by a single layer of cells but gives the a...

Q: What is the effect of vasopressin on the renal tubules, and what arethe sites affected?

A: The pituitary gland is a pea sized, reddish-grey coloured gland and lies at the base of the brain, b...

Q: STATE THE REASON WHY1.  Vasodilation results in an increased flow of blood to the skin, such that th...

A: Sweating, commonly known as perspiration, is the secretion of fluids by the sweat glands in animals'...

Q: State the alveolar partial pressures for oxygen and carbon dioxidein a healthy person at rest?

A: The respiratory system of the human body consists of structures like the nose, trachea, pharynx, lar...

Q: Explain how decussation occurs in sensory and motor pathways, and predict how brain and spinal cord ...

A: The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is a complex orga...

Q: Trace the route of exhaled air from an alveolus to the external nares, naming all the structures thr...

A: Breathing is a process in which includes inhalation and exhalation. The air is inhaled, and the carb...