What is the significance of the terminal inverted repeats oftransposons?

Q: What are the two basic types of transposons?

A: Transposable element is otherwise known as transposons and they are characterized by the DNA segment…

Q: What are some differences between class I and class II transposable elements?

A: Transposable elements are also known as jumping genes. They are the DNA sequences that can change…

Q: What is polycistronic mRNA ?

A: Polycistronic mRNA is a characteristic feature of prokaryotes but they are also present in…

Q: What are the characteristics of an intrinsic terminator of RNA polymerase in bacteria?

A: In bacteria gene transcription, the termination of transcription is either Rho-dependent or…

Q: What are cassette exons ?

A: An exon is the portion of a gene that codes for amino acids. In the cells of plants and animals,…

Q: What could be the effect  of a base substitution which prevents post-transcriptional removal of an…

A: A base substitution is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed in the sequence…

Q: What is a histone variant?

A: Proteins are large biomolecules consisting of one or more long chains of amino acids residues.…

Q: What is the difference between transposons and retrotransposons?

A: All cellular systems are controlled by proteins. Proteins are synthesized by the cell by a process…

Q: What Are the Rules in Codon–AnticodonPairing?

A: The tRNA carries out the amino acids to the mRNA in a specific order which was determined by the…

Q: What is the   significance of transposons?

A: Transposons are also known as jumping genes and are mobile genetic elements. They can reshuffle the…

Q: What are the known exceptions to the genetic code?

A: Genetic code:  Genetic code is the term wherein each three nucleotides (out of four) in a row is…

Q: For insertion elements and simple transposons, what is the functionof the inverted repeat sequences…

A: The sequence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that changes the position in the genome, and at times…

Q: Why transposons are called jumping genes?

A: A sequence of DNA sequence that has the ability to move or insert itself at a new location in the…

Q: What is the function of a stop codon?

A: Codon -- A codon is a specific type of genetic code which carries certain type of important…

Q: What conserved sequences are important to codon recognition in prokaryotic release factors?

A: Proteins are translated from mature mRNA. Protein translation can be broadly divided into three…

Q: How and when does formylmethionine become attached to the initiator tRNA in bacteria?

A: Bacterial cell is composed of three types of RNA: first type is mRNA, which codes for amino acid to…

Q: What are Transposable Elements in Humans ?

A: A genome is all hereditary material of a life form. It comprises of DNA (or RNA in RNA infections).…

Q: What are histone acetyl transferases (HATs)?

A: Histones are proteins that are associated with DNA inside the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms. The…

Q: What is histone ocatmer?

A: The histones are highly basic proteins present in eukaryotic cells nuclei. It packs and order the…

Q: What is the major problem in identifying genes encodingnontranslated RNA?

A: Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) refer to the RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins. The…

Q: What is alternative splicing? What is its biological significance?

A: Alternative splicing The mRNA synthesized after the transcription process in eukaryotic cells is not…

Q: How do the wobble rules affect the total number of different tRNAs that are needed to carry out…

A: The pairing of tRNA anticodon with mRNA codon lead from the 5’ end of codon. The first 2 position…

Q: What are snRNPs? What is their role in the processing of eukaryotic mRNAs?

A: DNA is the genetic information carrier in almost all organisms except for a few RNA viruses. DNA is…

Q: What is a copy number variant in genetics?

A: Genes are the structural and functional units of heredity. They carry coded genetic information in…

Q: What are DNA methyltransferases (DNMTS) ?

A: Enzymes are protein molecules that aid in increasing the rate of metabolism and chemical reactions…

Q: How does the presence of introns aid exon shuffling?

A: Exon shuffling is a mechanism, where two or more exons from different genes brought together,  or…

Q: What are long terminal repeat (LTR) ?

A: Long terminal repeat are repetitive sequence of DNA found at the end of pro-viral DNA after reverse…

Q: What is the difference in the requirement for a primer in RNA transcription compared to DNA…

A: DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one…

Q: What general characteristics are found in many transposable elements?

A: Transposable elements are also known as jumping genes or transposons. A transposon is a segment of…

Q: . Can a missense mutation of proline to histidine bemade with a G • C → A • T transition-causing…

A: A missense mutation is a point mutation that occurs in a codon that codes for a different amino acid…

Q: What causes exon shuffling?

A: Exon shuffling is a molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes. It is a process through…

Q: What mutations can be caused by a single base change in coding exons?

A: A mutation is  any kind of alteration in the DNA/mRNA sequences. It is mainly caused due to the…

Q: How many exons has the CFTR gene?

A: Introduction :- The CFTR gene encodes a membrane protein and chloride channel in vertebrates called…

Q: What role do transposons play in the process of exon shuffling?

A: Introduction  Transposons are the short highly repeated DNA sequence present in heterochromatic…

Q: What is the function of the Shine–Dalgarno consensus sequence?

A: Prokaryotes are the organisms that lack the cell nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They have…

Q: What is long noncoding RNA?

A: Long non-coding RNAs are a type of RNA, defined as being transcripts with lengths exceeding 200…

Q: What are the major types of covalent modification of histones?

A: The major types of covalent modifications of histone proteins are as follows:

Q: What are DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) ?

A: Enzymes are referred to as the molecules of proteins that help in increasing the metabolism rate and…

Q: How does a transposon differ from an insertion sequence?

A: DNA is the genetic material of all organisms except certain viruses with RNA as genetic material. It…

Q: What are the variable number of tandem repeats?

A: Variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) are regions in the genome where a short nucleotide…

Q: What feature of the –10 sequence makes it easy to unwind?

A: Pribnow box, or -10 sequence represents the six-nucleotide-sequence TATAAT. This sequence is a…

Q: Which base pairings account for wobble at the third codon–anticodon position?

A: Wobble hypothesis is the base pairing of two nucleotides in an RNA molecule that does not follow the…

Q: What is the purpose of histone tail modification?

A: Histones are a family of basic proteins, which associate with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the…

Q: Why do you expect that intron removal wouldreduce the delay?

A: Introns are defined as the DNA or RNA sequence that does not carry any information required for…

Q: What is the role of peptidyl transferase during the elongation stage?

A: The process of translation involves the expression of the nucleotide sequence of the messenger RNA…

Q: What are the    types of transposable elements in eukaryotic cells?

A: Introduction: Transposons are a region or DNA segment that possess the ability to replicate on its…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.