What makes Archeopteryx an important fossil evolutionarily? This species has a mix of characters that suggest it was a "transitional" species between two large groups, dinosaurs and birds. This species is the oldest known, universally agreed upon, fossil of life, and therefore tells up what the common ancestor to all living things might have been like. This species is thought to be the last common ancestor between chimps and humans, and therefore is the root of our own specific group (homonins). This species has a mix of characters that suggests is was a "transitional" species between two large groups, fish and amphibians.

What makes Archeopteryx an important fossil evolutionarily? This species has a mix of characters that suggest it was a "transitional" species between two large groups, dinosaurs and birds. This species is the oldest known, universally agreed upon, fossil of life, and therefore tells up what the common ancestor to all living things might have been like. This species is thought to be the last common ancestor between chimps and humans, and therefore is the root of our own specific group (homonins). This species has a mix of characters that suggests is was a "transitional" species between two large groups, fish and amphibians.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter19: Population Genetics And Human Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 25QP: Genomics and Human Evolution The Denisovan genome contains sequences that originated from an unknown...

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The figure shows a phylogenetic tree of various members of the order Proboscidea, which includes modern elephants. Which of the following claims is best supported by the information in the figure ? a.The mastodon and the Stegodon diverged from their common ancestor 22 million years ago. b.The common ancestor of the African elephant and the mastodon is the Palaeomastodon. c.The mammoth diverged from its most recent common ancestor with African elephants before the mastodon diverged from its most recent common ancestor with Stegodons. d.The Asian and African elephants are the most closely related species shown on the tree.
Compare and contrast the specimens of H. habilis with H. rudolfensis. Some paleoanthropologists believe these specimens represent one species, but differ because one is female and one is male. Others believe them to be different species. What do you think? Support your answer using anatomical evidence. Name the key anatomical features and behaviors that set the earliest member of our genus, H. habilis, apart from the australopithecines and that are defining characteristics of the genus Homo.
Paleoanthropologists generally agree that Homo erectus belongs in our genus and represents a significant shift towards adaptations important to our own species. However, there is much variation among specimens that are grouped into H. erectus. Your instructor will let you know which of these fossil representatives to use for the exercise today.Based on your measurements and comparisons in the table above, what are major differences among Au. africanus, H. habilis, and H. erectus? Do you think H. habilis is more like Australopithecus or Homo? How do these three species reflect the major environmental pressures of the time periods in which they lived, respectively? List three features that are changing in the genus Homo due to these selective pressures. List three features found in H. erectus that are derived, compared to Au. africanus.
Which of the following data sets is the one that scientists had to evaluate carefully since it made the artiodactyl phylogenetic tree less parsimonious? DNA sequence similarity between hippos and whales was the highest compared to other artiodactyls fossil evidence of animals that had traits of both whales and land mammals anatomical comparison between whales, other mammals, and fish presence of an astragalus bone in artiodactyls but not whales
Which of the following is the correct sequence of traditional fossils that provided evidence for the evolution of amphibians from the fish in order from oldest (most mya) to most recent (fewest mya) in the fossil record? -Eusthenopteron, Tiktaalik, Ichthyostega -Eusthenopteron, Acanthostega, Tikaalik -Ichthyostega, Eusthenopteron, Panderichthys -Tiktaalik, Panderichthys, Ichthyostega - Ichthyostega, Oanderrichthys, Eusthenopteron
Because of selective forces, the dinosaurs were superbly adapted to their environments. After the dinosaurs became extinct, the small mammals that had been relatively unimportant animals in the background flourished and evolved into many new types, including the line that led to human beings. It is unlikely that these new types would have ever evolved had not the dinosaurs disappeared. If the extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by an extraterrestrial impact, did it matter how well they were adapted to their environment? What does this suggest about the starting cause in the evolutionary success of these new types of mammals?
Genomics and Human Evolution The Denisovan genome contains sequences that originated from an unknown human species. Using Figure 19.11, speculate on which species this might be. Is it possible that there are other ancestral species that may remain to be discovered that would change the phylogeny presented in the figure? FIGURE 19.11 Estimates for the dates of origin and extinction for the three main groups of hominins (green, blue, and orange). The australopithecines split into two groups about 2.7 million years ago. One of those groups, the genus Homo, contains the ancestors to our species, H. sapiens.
In what order of descent did the species of Homo overtake one another? What was discovered in the caves at Atapuerca, in northern Spain and what does this say about archaic Homo sapiens (Homo heidelbergensis in this case)? What is “Excalibur” and what did it signify (Maybe)? In what ways did our ideas about Neanderthals change as the 20th century proceeds? What recent discovery in the Meuse Valley, Belgium, helped to refine our views of Neanderthals? What kind of research is going at the Max Planck Institute in Leipzig, Germany, regarding evolutionary studies? Why are children’s teeth so valuable to archaeologists? Why was hunting such a risky business for Neanderthals? Why did Neanderthals go extinct about 25,000 years ago? (Note, since this film was made our ideas about this have changed as you will see in next week's film.) What is “the bottleneck effect”?
Amphioxus long has been of interest to zoologists searching for a vertebrate ancestor. Explain why amphioxus captured such interest and how it is different from the hypothesized most recent common ancestor of all vertebrates.
The forelimbs of the organisms in Figure 1 are examples of what type of structures? What do these structures indicate about the evolution of the three organisms? What would be an example of a structure analogous to the last structure? How does the anatomy of the forelimbs show an evolutionary pattern?
What trait separates amphibians from primates on this cladogram? What separates rabbits and primates from crocodiles on this cladogram? Which organism is most related to the bird on this cladogram? What 5 traits do these two organisms share? Which organism will have DNA most similar to the bird? Which organism's DNA will differ the most from the bird?
Tarsiers are primates with unusual anatomical characteristics whose taxonomic classification has been heavily debated. How might the Tarsier example affect our interpretation of the fossil record of the early euprimates?

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		This species has a mix of characters that suggest it was a "transitional" species between two large groups, dinosaurs and birds.
		This species is the oldest known, universally agreed upon, fossil of life, and therefore tells up what the common ancestor to all living things might have been like.
		This species is thought to be the last common ancestor between chimps and humans, and therefore is the root of our own specific group (homonins).
		This species has a mix of characters that suggests is was a "transitional" species between two large groups, fish and amphibians.