What oxidizes fadh2?

Q: What are the common metabolic responses to cytosolic acidosis and which stresses cause this symptom…

A: The buildup of acid in the bloodstream is known as acidosis. it basically refers to the axis of acid…

Q: What Is the Chemical Logic of the TCA Cycle?

A: The citric acids cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration where the process of oxidation of…

Q: What are some types of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that require pyridoxal phosphate as a coenzyme?

A: Pyridoxal phosphate serves as a coenzyme for several enzyme-catalyzed reactions. It is an active…

Q: What are the steps of oxidative phosphorylation?

A: Mitochondria are a cellular organelle responsible for production of energy. Oxidative…

Q: Why are the protein-digesting enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted as the zymogen…

A: The pancreas is made of pancreatic exocrine cells. The ducts are arranged in clusters, these cells…

Q: Which are the two Sources of Cytosolic Ca21+?

A: Cell signaling allows cells to receive and respond to the surrounding signals. This is mediated by…

Q: Why do deficiencies in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase frequently present as anemia?

A: Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) deficiency is a genetic abnormality that results in an inadequate amount…

Q: How Is the TCA Cycle Regulated?

A: The citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrial which was central for cellular…

Q: In oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is phosphorylated?

A: Introduction: The electron transport chain is the common pathway in the aerobic cells by which…

Q: Why does phosphoenolpyruvate have such a high phosphoryltransfer potential?

A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…

Q: What are the metabolic fates of IMP and UMP?

A: The metabolic pathway can be defined as the combination of chemical reactions occurring in a…

Q: Which enzyme reaction controls oxidative phosphorylation and how is this possible?

A: All cells require energy to carry out various cellular processes, such as active transport, muscle…

Q: What does Oxidative phosphorylation provide?

A: All living cells require continuous supply of energy so that they can perform various important…

Q: Which Factors alter the cytosolic Ca21 concentration?

A: Answer: Introduction: In contrast to extracellular fluid, cytosol consist of a high concentration of…

Q: What is another function of oxytocin?

A: The hormone is known to be the regulatory substance of the body. It is synthesized in an organism…

Q: What cofactors are involved in one-carbon transfer reactions of amino acid anabolism?

A: Introduction: Every last one of the 20 normally occurring amino acids goes through its own…

Q: Is fadh2 oxidized or reduced?

A: FADH2 is a coenzyme which is used in cellular respiration process to make fuel from food into…

Q: What are the current treatments for Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD) patients?

A: Pyruvate kinase deficiency is a genetic disorder in which the enzyme pyruvate kinase, which is…

Q: Which complex contains Succinate dehydrogenase and what are the roles of thisenzyme?

A: Succinate dehydrogenase is a part of the cellular biochemical machinery for breaking down sugars,…

Q: What does cytosolic Ca21 concentration control?

A: Calcium ions (Ca2+) have a role in the physiological activities of cells in living organisms. They…

Q: What enzymes outside of the citric acid cycle affect itsregulation?

A: Citric acid cycle is also known as the tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle and Krebs cycle. The pyruvic…

Q: Name two oxidizing agents that act as coenzyme with oxidoreductases

A: Enzymes are a class of proteins that increases the pace of the chemical reaction without undergoing…

Q: 24.92 How is pyruvate metabolized in red blood cells, which contain no mitochondria?

A: The main source of carbohydrate is glucose in the body and its metabolism is called glycolysis. The…

Q: Why fibrinopepetide A and fibrinopepetide B are negatively charged ?

A: Proteins are made up of amino acids joined together through peptide bonds. 20 standard amino acids…

Q: What is the oxidative phosphorylation/ chemiosmosis?

A: Adenosine triphosphate, ATP, is also termed as the “molecular unit of currency” because it provides…

Q: What is the name of themolecule that transportsoxygen in red blood cells?

A: The red blood cells (RBC) are enucleated cells that transport oxygen molecules from the lungs to…

Q: What is the cAMP phosphodiesterase?

A: Biological macromolecules are those large molecules that are necessary for the survival and growth…

Q: What are the thioesters in the reaction catalyzed by PDH complex?

A: Thioesters in the reaction catalysed by PDH Complex are : Acetyllipoamide AcetylCoenzyme A

Q: when are aminos acids converted into intermediates of the glycolytic pathway and the TCA?

A: All the biomolecules including carbohydrates, proteins and fats can be interconverted by different…

Q: What is the source of Inositol trisphosphate (IP3)?

A: Second messengers are molecules that are primarily responsible for relaying the signal received by…

Q: What is inositol trisphosphate (IP3)?

A: The molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface for example arrival of…

Q: What is the reaction catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphatase?

A: Glucose 6-phosphate : It is a glucose sugar phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6.

Q: What is the general definition of an uncoupler protein? In the context of oxidative phosphorylation,…

A: Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are bound together by peptide linkage. Amino acids…

Q: How does an increase in the ADP/ATP ratioaffect the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A: Isocitrate dehydrogenase and is an enzyme that catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of…

Q: What is the effect of the mutation on succinate-coupled ATP synthesis?

A: Succinate : It is a dicarboxylic acid dianion resulting from the removal of a proton from both of…

Q: What other product is generated by phosphoglycerate kinase?

A: Phosphoglycerate kinase is a phosphoglycerate kinase enzyme. It's a transferase, like other kinases.…

Q: What is he physiological significance for Km?

A: In enzyme kinetics, the Km value is used to determine the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate.…

Q: What is the CAMP phosphodiesterase?

A: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are four important biological macromolecules with…

Q: What would be the effect of a mutation that decreased the activity of phosphatidic acid phosphatase?

A: Phosphatidic acid phosphatase is a fat-regulating enzyme that regulates the balance of phosphatidic…

Q: What is the Source of Ca21?

A: Introduction: The myofibrils are made of parallel bundles of protein microfilaments called…

Q: What are the fates of the members of the hexose monophosphate pool?

A: Hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP) or pentose phosphate pathway or phosphogluconate pathway is an…

Q: How do the critical amino acids catalyze the chymotrypsin reaction?

A: Chymotrypsin is synthesized in the pancreas as a precursor called chymotrypsinogen that is…

Q: How is PKA activity regulated?

A: Protein Kinase A is involved in the metabolism of sugars and lipids. Its activity depends on the…

Q: When the enzyme is incubated with oxaloacetate, will oxaloacetate be observed?

A: Many amino acid biosynthetic pathways involve transamination reactions. The α-amino group from one…

Q: How does compromised pyruvate kinase activity lead to anemia?

A: Pyruvate kinase is a catalytic enzyme that catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, which is crucial…

Q: Inhibition of oxamic acid causes what type of inhibition?

A: Oxamic acid is an organic acid with the molecular formula H2NC(O)CO2H. Oxamic acid is synthesized…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.