Answered: What should be the production volume…

Business

Operations Management

What should be the production volume for that quarter?

Practical Management Science

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337406659

Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.

Publisher:WINSTON, Wayne L.

Chapter6: Optimization Models With Integer Variables

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 77P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Based on Grossman and Hart (1983). A salesperson for Fuller Brush has three options: (1) quit, (2) put forth a low level of effort, or (3) put forth a high level of effort. Suppose for simplicity that each salesperson will sell 0, 5000, or 50,000 worth of brushes. The probability of each sales amount depends on the effort level as described in the file P07_71.xlsx. If a salesperson is paid w dollars, he or she regards this as a benefit of w1/2 units. In addition, low effort costs the salesperson 0 benefit units, whereas high effort costs 50 benefit units. If a salesperson were to quit Fuller and work elsewhere, he or she could earn a benefit of 20 units. Fuller wants all salespeople to put forth a high level of effort. The question is how to minimize the cost of encouraging them to do so. The company cannot observe the level of effort put forth by a salesperson, but it can observe the size of his or her sales. Thus, the wage paid to the salesperson is completely determined by the size of the sale. This means that Fuller must determine w0, the wage paid for sales of 0; w5000, the wage paid for sales of 5000; and w50,000, the wage paid for sales of 50,000. These wages must be set so that the salespeople value the expected benefit from high effort more than quitting and more than low effort. Determine how to minimize the expected cost of ensuring that all salespeople put forth high effort. (This problem is an example of agency theory.)
You want to take out a 450,000 loan on a 20-year mortgage with end-of-month payments. The annual rate of interest is 3%. Twenty years from now, you will need to make a 50,000 ending balloon payment. Because you expect your income to increase, you want to structure the loan so at the beginning of each year, your monthly payments increase by 2%. a. Determine the amount of each years monthly payment. You should use a lookup table to look up each years monthly payment and to look up the year based on the month (e.g., month 13 is year 2, etc.). b. Suppose payment each month is to be the same, and there is no balloon payment. Show that the monthly payment you can calculate from your spreadsheet matches the value given by the Excel PMT function PMT(0.03/12,240, 450000,0,0).
The method for rating teams in Example 7.8 is based on actual and predicted point spreads. This method can be biased if some teams run up the score in a few games. An alternative possibility is to base the ratings only on wins and losses. For each game, you observe whether the home team wins. Then from the proposed ratings, you predict whether the home team will win. (You predict the home team will win if the home team advantage plus the home teams rating is greater than the visitor teams rating.) You want the ratings such that the number of predictions that match the actual outcomes is maximized. Try modeling this. Do you run into difficulties? (Remember that Solver doesnt like IF functions.) EXAMPLE 7.8 RATING NFL TEAMS9 We obtained the results of the 256 regular-season NFL games from the 2015 season (the 2016 season was still ongoing as we wrote this) and entered the data into a spreadsheet, shown at the bottom of Figure 7.38. See the file NFL Ratings Finished.xlsx. (Some of these results are hidden in Figure 7.38 to conserve space.) The teams are indexed 1 to 32, as shown at the top of the sheet. For example, team 1 is Arizona, team 2 is Atlanta, and so on. The first game entered (row 6) is team 19 New England versus team 25 Pittsburgh, played at New England. New England won the game by a score of 28 to 21, and the point spread (home team score minus visitor team score) is calculated in column J. A positive point spread in column J means that the home team won; a negative point spread indicates that the visiting team won. The goal is to determine a set of ratings for the 32 NFL teams that most accurately predicts the actual outcomes of the games played.
Referring to Example 11.1, if the average bid for each competitor stays the same, but their bids exhibit less variability, does Millers optimal bid increase or decrease? To study this question, assume that each competitors bid, expressed as a multiple of Millers cost to complete the project, follows each of the following distributions. a. Triangular with parameters 1.0, 1.3, and 2.4 b. Triangular with parameters 1.2, 1.3, and 2.2 c. Use @RISKs Define Distributions window to check that the distributions in parts a and b have the same mean as the original triangular distribution in the example, but smaller standard deviations. What is the common mean? Why is it not the same as the most likely value, 1.3?
In Example 11.1, the possible profits vary from negative to positive for each of the 10 possible bids examined. a. For each of these, use @RISKs RISKTARGET function to find the probability that Millers profit is positive. Do you believe these results should have any bearing on Millers choice of bid? b. Use @RISKs RISKPERCENTILE function to find the 10th percentile for each of these bids. Can you explain why the percentiles have the values you obtain?
1. Suppose you are going on a weekend trip to a city that is d miles away. Develop a model that determines your round-trip gasoline costs. What assumptions or approximations are necessary to treat this model as a deterministic model? Are these assumptions or approximations acceptable to you? 2. Suppose that a manager has a choice between the following two mathematical models of a given situation: (a)a relatively simple model that is a reasonable approximation of the real situation, and (b)a thorough and complex model that is the most accurate mathematical representation of the real situation possible. Why might the model described in part (a) be preferred by the manager?
We are considering investing in three stocks. The randomvariable Si represents the value one year from now of $1invested in stock i. We are given that E(S1) 1.15, E(S2) 1.21, E(S3) 1.09; var S1 0.09, var S2 0.04, var S3 0.01; cov(S1, S2) 0.006, cov(S1, S3) 0.004, and cov(S2,S3) 0.005. We have $100 to invest and want to have anexpected return of at least 15% during the next year.Formulate a QPP to find the portfolio of minimum variancethat attains an expected return of at least 15%.
A person sells and installs A, B and C. The table shows, for example, that it takes 3 hours to sell a unit of B, it takes 4 hours to install it, and net profit per unit is $ 40. Product No. of Units Selling Hours per Unit Installation Hours per Unit Profit per Unit A x 1 1 $10 B y 3 4 40 C z 2 1 10 During a 38-hour week, the person allots no more than 18 hours to selling and no more than 20 hours to installation. Find the combination of number of units of A, B, C that would yield maximum profit.
Dataware is trying to determine whether to give a $10 rebate, cut the price $6, or have no price change on a software product. Currently, 40,000 units of the product are sold each week for $45 apiece. The variable cost of the product is $5. The most likely case appears to be that a $10 rebate will increase sales 30%, and half of all people will claim the rebate. For the price cut, the most likely case is that sales will increase 20%.a. Given all other assumptions, what increase in sales from the rebate would make the rebate and price cut equally desirable?b. Dataware does not really know the increase in sales that will result from a rebate or price cut. However, the company is sure that the rebate will increase sales by between 15% and 40% and that the price cut will increase sales by between 10% and 30%. Perform a sensitivity analysis (two-way data table) that could be used to help determine Dataware’s best decision.
A market analyst working for a small appliance manufacturer finds that if the firm produces and sells x blenders annually, a model for the total profit (in dollars) is P(x) = 8x + 0.3x2 − 0.001x3 − 372. Graph the function P in an appropriate viewing rectangle, and use the graph to answer the following questions. (a) When just a few blenders are manufactured, the firm loses money (profit is negative). (For example, P(10) = −263, so the firm loses $263.00 if it produces and sells only 10 blenders.) How many blenders must the firm produce to break even? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.) blenders(b) Does profit increase indefinitely as more blenders are produced and sold? YesNo If not, what is the largest possible profit the firm could have? (If profit increases indefinitely, enter your answer as ∞. Otherwise, round your answer to the nearest cent.)
A company manufactures two products. If it chargesprice pi for product i, it can sell qi units of product i,where q1 = 60 - 3p1 + p2 and q2 = 80 - 2p2 + p1. Itcosts $5 to produce a unit of product 1 and $12 to produce a unit of product 2. How many units of eachproduct should the company produce, and what pricesshould it charge, to maximize its profit? Use spreadsheet modelling in Excel
The person says that 2173 is a prime number because it ends in the number3, and since 3 is a prime number then that means that 2173 is a prime number. Is2173 a prime number? What can you conclude about this person’s reasoning? Explain your answer.