Answered: What type of energy is created by the…

What type of energy is created by the movement of particles (atoms) that produces heat? O thermal energy O electrical energy O mechanical energy nuclear energy

College Physics

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305952300

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Chapter12: The Laws Of Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 49P: A freezer is used to freeze 1.0 L of water completely into ice. The water and the freezer remain at...

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A coal power plant consumes 100,000 kg of coal per hour and produces 500 MW of power. If the heat of combustion of coal is 30 MJ/kg, what is the efficiency of the power plant?
A 5.0-kg piece of lead at a temperature of 600 is placed in a lake whose temperature is 15 . Determine the entropy change of (a) the lead piece, (b) the lake, and (c) the universe.
A 4ton air conditioner removes 5.60107J (48,000 British thermal units) from a cold environment in 1.00 h. (a) What energy input in joules is necessary to do this if the air conditioner has an energy efficiency rating (EER) of 12.0? (b) What is the cost of doing this if the work costs 10.0 cents per 3.60106J (one kilowatt—hour)? (c) Discuss whether this cost seems realistic. Note that the energy efficiency rating (EER) of an air conditioner or refrigerator is defined to be the number of British thermal units of heat transfer from a cold environment per hour divided by the watts of power input.
An electrical power plant has an overall efficiency of 15%. The plant is to deliver 150 MW of electrical power to a city, and its turbines use coal as fuel. The burning coal produces steam at 190C, which drives the turbines. The steam is condensed into water at 25C by passing through coils that are in contact with river water. (a) How many metric tons of coal does the plant consume each day (1 metric ton = 1 103 kg)? (b) What is the total cost of the fuel per year if the delivery price is 8 per metric ton? (c) If the river water is delivered at 20C, at what minimum rate must it flow over the cooling coils so that its temperature doesnt exceed 25C? Note: The heat of combustion of coal is 7.8 103 cal/g.
Energy is conventionally measured in Calories as well as in joules. One Calorie in nutrition is 1 kilocalorie, which we define in Chapter 11 as 1 kcal = 4 186 J. Metabolizing 1 gram of fat can release 9.00 kcal. A student decides to try to lose weight by exercising. She plans to run up and down the stairs in a football stadium as fast as she can and as many times as necessary. Is this in itself a practical way to lose weight? To evaluate the program, suppose she runs up a flight of 80 steps, each 0.150 m high, in 65.0 s. For simplicity, ignore the energy she uses in coming down (which is small). Assume that a typical efficiency for human muscles is 20.0%. This means that when your body converts 100 J from metabolizing fat, 20 J goes into doing mechanical work (here, climbing stairs). The remainder goes into internal energy. Assume the students mass is 50.0 kg. (a) How many times must she run the flight of stairs to lose 1 pound of fat? (b) What is her average power output, in watts and in horsepower, as she is running up the stairs?
A 75-kg sprinter accelerates from rest to a speed of 11.0 m/s in 5.0 s. (a) Calculate the mechanical work done by the sprinter during this time. (b) Calculate the average power the sprinter must generate. (c) If the sprinter converts food energy to mechanical energy with an efficiency of 25%, at what average rate is he burning Calories? (d) What happens to the other 75% of the food energy being used?
Imagine you are driving a car up Pike’s Peak in Colorado. To raise a car weighing 1000 kilograms a distance of 100 meters would require about a million joules. You could raise a car 12.5 kilometers with the energy in a gallon of gas. Driving up Pike’s Peak (a mere 3000-meter climb) should consume a little less than a quart of gas. But other considerations have to be taken into account. Explain, in terms of efficiency, what factors may keep you from realizing your ideal energy use on this trip.
An electrical power plant has an overall efficiency of 15%. The plant is to deliver 150 MW of electrical power to a city, and its turbines use coal as fuel. The burning coal produces steam at 190C, which drives the turbines. The steam is condensed into water at 25C by passing through coils that are in contact with river water. (a) How many metric tons of coal does the plant consume each day (1 metric ton = 1 103 kg)? (b) What is the total cost of the fuel per year if the delivery price is 8 per metric ton? (c) If the river water is delivered at 20C, at what minimum rate must it flow over the cooling coils so that its temperature doesnt exceed 25C? Note: The heat of combustion of coal is 7.8 103 cal/g.
Calculate the increase in entropy of the Universe when you add 20.0 g of 5.00C cream to 200 g of 60.0C coffee. Assume that the specific heats of cream and coffee are both 4.20J/g C.
A freezer is used to freeze 1.0 L of water completely into ice. The water and the freezer remain at a constant temperature of T = 0C. Determine (a) the change in the entropy of the water and (b) the change in the entropy of the freezer.
A worker drives a 0.500 kg spike into a rail tie with a 2.50 ksledgehammer. The hammer hits the spike with a speed of 65.0 m/s. Ifone-third of the hammer’s kinetic energy is converted to internal energy ofthe hammer and the spike, how much does the total internal energy increase?
A worker drives a 0.500 kg spike into a rail tie with a 2.50 kg sledgehammer. The hammer hits the spike with a speed of 65.0 m/s. If one-third of the hammer’s kinetic energy is converted to internal energy of the hammer and the spike, how much does the total internal energy increase?