What would be the effect of increased (or decreased) concentration of extracellular Ca2+ on the function of the presynaptic cell? How would you assess this effect experimentally?
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What would be the effect of increased (or decreased)
concentration of extracellular Ca2+ on the function of the
presynaptic cell? How would you assess this effect experimentally?
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Solved in 3 steps
- Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about the desired cell response by inducing a change in the shape and function of particular designated intracellular proteins. (True or false?)What are the two major classes of neurotransmitter in reference to their effects on postsynaptic cells? How do their modes of action differ? Give an example of each type of neurotransmitter.Activation of the beta-gamma subunit associated with the Go protein complex would lead to what outcome? 1.closing of presynaptic Ca++ channels 2.postsynaptic depolarization 3.postsynaptic hyperpolarization 4.increased production of cAMP
- Arrestin has a mutation that prevents it from binding the GPCR receptor in the PLC pathway. How would that affect the pathway downstream of the receptor? Please answer asap and in shortActions of neuropeptides include all the following, except :-a- inhibition of gene transcriptionb- decreased cyclic AMP synthesisc- changing intracellular Ca ++ leveld- activation of ligand-gated receptorsA common membrane-bound intermediary between the receptor and the effector protein within the plasma membrane is the __________________.
- Describe the biochemical signaling steps by which activation of the NMDA receptor causes the postsynaptic cell to fire larger EPSPs.You are working in a lab to examine the cellular responses to a new drug. You treat cells with the drug and measure the intracellular level of cAMP and find it to be increased in response to this treatment. With what type of receptor would you predict the drug interacts? How is this rise in cAMP used to change cellular physiology or metabolism?When an inhibitory neurotransmitter such as GABA opens cl– channels in the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron, why does this make it harder for an excitatory neurotransmitter to excite the neuron?
- What are the three steps by which receptor tyrosine kinases typically convey an extracellular signal to another intracellular enzyme?In the central nervous system there may be many synaptic inputs on a postsynaptic neurons. How does the postsynaptic neuron respond to the many presynaptic inputs?Given the existence of leak channels for both K and Na , could the membrane repolarize C688 if the voltage-gated K channels did not exist?