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Knowing that for a bacterial colony to be able to grow it must produce product "3" AND "4", use the information in the image to describe which enzyme(s) are that are Non-Functional in Colony C? Please note error in enzyme description at bottom of image. X converts 1 into 2; Y converts 1 into 3; and z converts 2 into 4.
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- You have two E. coli cultures. One culture is a wild-type culture, and the other contains the lacOc mutation. But, you forgot to write labels on the tubes and have mixed them up! To help you determine which culture is which, you grow each of the cultures in growth media containing either no sugar, or just lactose. Then, you perform a beta-galactosidase assay with ONPG as your enzyme substrate. You obtain the following specific activities: Culture 1, with no sugar: 147 units Culture 1, with lactose: 158 units Culture 2, with no sugar: 3.5 units Culture 2, with lactose: 164 units Which culture contains which E. coli strain? Explain how you determined this.Could you explain how you would know if you successfully induced transformation? Thank you Did you successfully demonstrate transformation occurred? Why or why not? (How do I know, what do I look for?) Explain the control used in this experiment. What was it, and why was it necessary? Based on the calculation in the question above, comment on the relative difficulty of achieving successful transformation of E. coli. (Please explain the relative difficulty)A pure culture of an unknown bacterium was streaked onto plates of a variety of media. You notice that the colony morphologyis strikingly different on plates of minimal media with glucose compared to that seen on trypticase soy agar plates. How can you explain these differences in colony morphology? Also, describe what happens when a nonsense mutation is introduced into the gene encoding transposase within a transposon and why is it more likely that insertions or deletions will be more detrimental to a cell than point mutations?
- In the Avery experiment, mice were killed if they injected with S strain cells. Furthermore, incubation with extract from dead S strain cells could transform non pathogenic cells into pathogenic cells. This effect of S strain extract was eliminated if S strain extract is treated with what enzyme before incubation with non-pathogenic cells? protease DNAse RNAse LipaseRecombinant protein production by a genetically modified Escherichia coli strain is proportional to cell growth. Ammonia is used as a nitrogen source for aerobic glucose respiration. The recombinant protein has the general formula CH1,55O0,31N0,25, while that of the cellular biomass is CH1,77O0,49N0,24. The biomass yield from glucose equals 0.50 g/g, while the recombinant protein yield from glucose corresponds to 20% of the cell yield from substrate.a) How much ammonia is required? What is the oxygen demand? (b) If the biomass yield remains the same, what are the ammonia and oxygen requirements for a wild-type strain of E. coli, with cell biomass of the same elemental composition, but unable to synthesize the recombinant protein? (c) On an industrial scale, cultivation takes place in a continuous fermenter at 28°C and the desired recombinant protein production rate is 7 g/h. Since the viscosity of the culture broth is considerable, the energy input due to agitation cannot be neglected.…Production of a recombinant protein by E. coli is proportional to cell growth. Ammonia is used as a source of N and glucose as a source of C, under aerobic conditions. The recombinant protein has a general formula CH1.55N0.31O0.25 and the cell CH1.77N0.4900.24. The yield of biomass from glucose is 0.48 gcel/gglic, and the yield of recombinant protein from glucose is about 20% of that for biomass.a) How much ammonia is needed to produce 50 g of cells producing the recombinant protein?b) What is the oxygen demand in this process?c) For the cultivation of a wild E. coli not producing the recombinant protein, how different would the ammonia and oxygen demand be if the biomass yield remained at 0.48 gcel/gglyc ?
- Cold sensitive mutation (Cs) results in a mutant phenotype below a particular temperature. Bacteria with mutation ess-2 (Ts) can form colonies at 32oC but not at 37oC and 42oC, while bacteria with mutation ess-5 (Cs) can form colonies at 42oC but not at 32oC and 37oC. What would be the phenotype of an ess-2 (Ts) and ess-5 (Cs) double mutant?This shows where EcoR1 cuts, where HindIII cuts, and where BstEII cuts. Given that the entire chromosome is 48,502 base pairs (as it says), figure out the fragment sizes you will expect if you cut it with EcoR1, or with HindIII, or with BseEII. Draw a map like the example attached " Show the sizes of each piece. Color code it according to which enzyme cut it.Which of the following statements is true?a) Exonuclease III removes nucleotide residues from the 3’ ends of a DNA strandb) Bacteriophage lambda exonuclease removes terminal phosphatesc) Alkaline phosphatase removes nucleotides from 5‘endsd) Kinase adds homopolymer tails to the 3’ –OH ends of a linear duplex
- Let’s suppose you make a transposon library of the cellulose-secreting bacterium Komagataeibacter xylinus, with the goal of finding mutants that produce higher than normal amounts of cellulose, which would be useful industrially. However, despite your best efforts you are unable to isolate any transposon mutants that make more cellulose than the wild-type strain.Why might this have failed? List as many reasons as you can think of.Given the following genotypes, explain, by answering the questions in each number, how the mutation (identified by a (-) superscript) will affect E. coli grown in lactose medium. Will there be a complete set ofgene products? (Yes/No) Will the lac operon be turnedon/off? Will the cell survive? (Yes/No) a. i + p + o + z - y + b. i + p - o + z + y + c. i + p + o - z + y +A researcher creates random copolymers of three nucleotides each by mixing polynucleotide phosphorylase with guanine and adenine nucleotides in a ratio of 5 guanine nucleotides to 1 adenine. Give the different copolymers produced and their theoretical proportions.