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Hydrogen atoms activate proton channels
Sodium ions activate sodium channels and a graded potential is produced
Entry of sodium and calcium causes the cell to depolarize and voltage-gated calcium channels to open
Calcium ions activate calcium channels and a graded potential is produced
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- Given what you already know about the sensation of pain, what is the expected change in membrane potential when pain is felt by sensory receptors? Select one: a. The nerve impulses increase in strength and lower the threshold potential. b. The nerve impulses occur more frequently, thereby transmitting more action potentials according to the intensity of pain. c. The nerve impulses occur more frequently and prevent neurons from entering the refractory period. d. The nerve impulses increase in strength, thereby making the maximum membrane potential higher than normal.a) What channels are open at 3 if this was recorded on the axon of a sensory neuron? 1. K+ voltage gated channels/ 2. K+ leak channels/ 3. Na+ ligand gated channels/ 4. Na+ stimulus gated channels/ 5. Na+ voltage gated channels/ 6. Ca+ voltage gated channels/ 7. Cl- ligand gated channels) b) What effect would a weaker stimulus have on C? 1. Greater amplitude (height)/ 2. Lower amplitude/ 3. Narrower curve/ 4. No change/ 5. Wider curve c) What term is used to describe the dip at the region marked by 4? What is its purpose?Which of the following changes to an action potential indicates a larger stimulus? a. Increased frequency b. Increased wavelength c. Increased amplitude d. Increased speed
- What is/are true statements about Action Potentials? Select all that apply. Group of answer choices: A. action potentials propagate down axons B. information is coded through the frequency of action potentials C. action potentials are slower in myelinated axons D. action potentials vary depending on the strength of the stimulusAfter the action potential reaches its peak, the potential across the membrane falls toward its resting level. What accounts for this recovery? a. The sodium–potassium pump removes the extra sodium. b. Potassium ions move out because their channels are open and the electrical gradient pushes them out. c. Potassium ions move out because their channels are open and the concentration gradient pushes them out. d. Potassium ions move in.During the refractory period a) if a neuron reaches threshold the action potential goes to completion b) No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential c) It is possible to trigger a new action potential but only with an unusually strong stimulus d) The signal grows weaker with distance e) The neuron fires at its maximum voltage if a stimulus depolarizes the neuron to threshold
- During the rising portion of the action potential, which ions are moving across the membrane and in which direction? A. Sodium ions move out. B. Sodium ions move in. C. Both sodium and potassium ions move in. D. Potassium ions move in.Which of the following is true regarding the difference between graded and action potentials? a.) Action potential occur only when the surface of the neuron is myelinated, but graded potentials occur in both in both myelinated and non-myelinated neurons. b.) The magnitude of action potential depends on the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas graded potentials are all or none. c.) The magnitude of graded potential depends on the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas action potentials are all or none.How do we distinguish a strong stimulus from a weak one when the information about both stimuli is relayed by action potentials that are all the same amplitude?
- The two primary factors that influence the speed of an action potential propagation are axon diameter and a. myelination. b. the type of associated glial cell(s). c. concentration of K+ in the cell. d. the length of the axon.Nerve membrane hyperpolarization after an action potential a)Is the movement of membrane potential voltage below normal resting potential voltage. b) This Is mostly due to the slow-closing of K+ channels. c)Makes it more difficult to evoke another action potential. d) This Is mostly due to the slow-closing of Na+ channels.Which of the following statements about the intensity of a nerve response is true? Select one: a. A stimulus reaching the threshold level may or may not propagate a nerve impulse. b. A small voltage shift and a large voltage shift will yield the same nerve impulse as long as the stimulus reaches the threshold level. c. All stimuli, regardless of the strength, will always generate a nerve impulse. d. A stimulus resulting in a greater voltage shift will result in a stronger nerve impulse and increased sense of perception in the brain.