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- What is predator management? What is the linkage between the evolution of prey and predator species and how this relates to the regulation of population size? please answer bothAssume that for a given population of moose, the per-capita birth rate remains constant with population size. However, as the moose population size increases there is a linear increase in the probability of starvation and subsequent mortality due to intraspecific competition. a) On a single graph, draw the relationship between moose density and the per capita birth and death rates for this population. b) Assume that the population does not experience competition from other species, nor predation. Write out the equation that would best be used to describe the change in population growth from one time interval to another.Using the netlogo run the sheep-wolves-grass model variation, but set INITIAL-NUMBER-WOLVES to 0. This gives a stable ecosystem with only sheep and grass. Why might this be stable while the variation with only sheep and wolves is not?
- For various reasons, some species prefer to live on the edge of a habitat patch while others fare better if they stay near the middle of a patch. In areas with a mosaic of grassland and woodland, warbler fledglings are more likely to survive when their parents nest in the core rather than the ecotone, because the ecotone is also habitat for brown-headed cowbirds. What is the name for the behavior of cowbirds that poses a risk to warblers? Give typing answer with explanation and conclusionA.) What influence did human density (Panel A), crow density (B), and avian species diversity (D) have on the probability of crow decline in aregion? B.) From a co-evolutionary perspective, why did the likelihood of crow population declines decrease as WNV spread westward after its introduction in 1999 (see Panel C above)?The northern hairy-nosed wombat has experienced historical population declines, though population have stabilized recently due to conservation efforts. While studying them researchers noticed the following fluctuations in (effective) population size: Year 1: 100 individuals Year 2: 90 individuals Year 3: 50 individuals Year 4: 75 individuals Year 5: 90 individuals Year 6: 95 individuals A. Given this information what is the long-term effective population size of this particular population over the six years? B. Assume that at the start of the study the researchers determined heterozygosity for this population to be 0.63 at microsatellite loci. What would you expect the heterozygosity to be at the end of the six years? (Answer part B)
- The eastern screech owl (Megascops asio) roosts in tree cavities. As long as there are enough tree cavities available for all the owls in the population, the number of tree cavities has no effect on per capita birth or death rates. If there are more owls than the number of tree cavities, the per capita death rate increases with increased population size (because of increased rates of predation or death by exposure). How does this scenario differ from the traditional idea of density-dependent population regulation, as described by Nicholson (1956) or Turchin (1995)? Does it make more or less sense, and why?Suppose you model the interaction between the elephants and acacias using a simple Lotka-Voterra predation model, where N is the number of A. depranolobium trees, and P = number of elephants. part a: According to the model, what happens in the short term to the elephant and acacia populations if the elephant population is lower than its own isocline, and the acacia tree population is lower than its own isocline? (Choose one.) Group of answer choices Both elephant and acacia populations will increase in size. Both elephant and acacia populations will decrease in size. The elephant population will decrease in size, but the acacia population will increase in size. The elephant population will increase in size, but the acacia population will decrease in size. part B: Which of the following would make this simple model more realistic? (Select all that apply.) including A. mellifera trees as a prey for elephants including other herbivore populations (such as giraffes)…Do the above hypothesis support the graph? Explain Foraging in a mixed-species flock scenario, the assumption is that the establishment of mixed-species flocks will enhance feeding productivity.
- How can we determine whether predation is controlling the size of a population? What are the conditions that promote coexistence between predators and prey? please answer bothThe prey population in a grassland composed of two phenotypes, 50 brown and 50 gray. Apredator eats as many prey organisms in time available. The gray population started with 52%while the brown populatin started with 48%. As time passed by, the gray population endedwith 47% while the brown population ended with 53%.Q1. Calculate the following. Show the solution. A. Starting population(a) Gray prey(b) Brown prey B. Ending population(a) Gray prey(b) Brown preyWhat contributions have laboratory and mathematical models made to our understanding of predator–prey population cycles? What are the shortcomings of these modeling approaches? What are their advantages?