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Which of the following cells are primarily targeted by HIV?
a. Nerve cells.
b. Helper T celIs.
c. Phagocytes.
d. Cytotoxic T cells.
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- Suppose a person recovers normally from viral infections, but then gets the same viral infections over and over again- unlike the rest of us. A. What is probably wrong –B cells, helper T cells and/or cytotoxic T cells? B. Should this person be at a higher risk of cancer than the rest of us? C. Should this person be able to lyse bacterial cells as well as the rest of us? D. Should this person tolerate a graft (from an unreated person) better than you are me?The complement system of defense is composed of proteins that are always present in the blood. Which statement describes the importance of this system in early pathogen defense? A.) It does not have to be activated by antibodies. B.) It rapidly lower the blood pH. C.) It recognizes specific common pathogens. D.) It causes immediate pathogen lysis.Which of the following statements is most correct regarding SCIDs?a. They are the least severe form of primary immunodeficiency disease.b. They result from viral infections.c. They result from the action of complement.d. They involve dysfunction of both lymphocyte (B- and T-cell) systems.
- Which of the following is a characteristic of a cytotoxic T cell? Question 7 options: A) They originate in bone marrow. B) They have antibodies on their surfaces. C) They are responsible for the memory response. D) They recognize antigens associated with MHC I.Why are monitoring virus loads and T-cell counts important to those who are HIV positive?Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. A vaccine is effective because a. The vaccine contains the antibodies necessary to fight infection. b. The vaccine contains the lymphocytes necessary to fight infection. c. The secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient than the primary response. d. B lymphocytes are unable to mount an immune response the first time they are exposed to a new pathogen.
- An allergy can best be defined as ______. A) a component of the humoral response B) an exaggerated response to an allergen C) part of the normal immune response D) a type of cell-mediated adaptive immunityWhy are most unimmunized children protected against diseases such as measles?Choose one: A. They lack the host cells for viral replication. B. They are protected by herd immunity. C. They have developed immunity toward the measles virus. D. They still have circulating maternal antibodies.If the patient's mother had previously vaccinated her son against chickenpox, what form of immunity would he have had against the virus? A) Active natural immunity B) Passive natural immunity C) Active artificial immunity D) Passive artificial immunity
- Activated helper T Cells participate in which of the following processes? a.) Differentiation of memory B cells b.) Activation of cytotoxic T Cells c.) Facilitation of macrophage phagocytosis d.) All of aboveWhich statement is true of autoimmunity? a. It involves misshapen antibodies. b. It refers to “automatic immunity.” c. It often manifests as types II, III, and IV hypersensitivities. d. It has an acute course and then usually resolves itself.HIV can be treated with therapy, but there is a growing in the level of innate immune activation despite control of T cells and a negligible viral load. Explain why you think this may happen?
