Which of the following is a pyrimidine (one type of nitrogenous base) that is commonly found in all DNA molecules, but is not commonly found in all RNA molecules? adenosine cytidine thymine guanine uracil
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Which of the following is a pyrimidine (one type of nitrogenous base) that is commonly found in all DNA molecules, but is not commonly found in all RNA molecules?
- adenosine
- cytidine
- thymine
- guanine
- uracil
If retroviruses like HIV follow the historical pattern of a parasite adapting to a new host species (like syphilis in Europe over the past 500 years), then rapid virulence initially would likely be followed by:
- increasing virulence of the parasite, and decreasing resistance of the host
- increasing virulence of the parasite, and increasing resistance of the host
- decreasing virulence of the parasite, and decreasing resistance of the host
- decreasing virulence of the parasite, and increasing resistance of the host
- all of the above outcomes would be equally likely
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- Viruses are considered non-living microbes, and yet they are responsible for many major disease outbreaks in humans, animals, and even plants. Consider the following: How are these non-living microbes able to reproduce without metabolic functions? Can viruses be exploited to help humans fight bacterial pathogens? Which viruses are able to stay dormant in the human body and reactivate later in life or when immune defenses are compromised? What impact might travel outside of the United States have in blood, tissue, or organ donation?Robert Koch developed a set of criteria (postulates) for conclusively demonstrating the aetiology (specific cause) of an infectious disease. Which of the following is not a postulate? The infectious agent must be isolated and cultured in vitro The disease is reproduced when a pure culture of the infectious agent is inoculated into a new susceptible host The infectious agent can be recovered from the experimentally-infected host The infectious agent is present in most cases of the diseaseThe bacteria that cause plague, Yersinia pestis, maintain their existence in a cycle involving rodents and their fleas. In urban areas or places with dense rat infestations, the plague bacteria can cycle between rats and their fleas. The last urban outbreak of rat-associated plague in the United States occurred in Los Angeles in 1924-1925. Plague bacteria are most often transmitted by the bite of an infected flea. Plague-infected fleas usually bite rates or mice, but dogs and cats may also bring infected fleas into the home. Question: who is the host and who is the agent?