Which of the following is most likely to elicit an immune response that generates antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes? O a Bacterial polysaccharide O b. Conjugate vaccine O c. Subunit vaccine O d. Environmental allergen O e. Live, attenuated vaccine
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- A live vaccine (aka attenuated vaccine) contains A.) antibodies. B.) a pathogen that does not cause an immune response. C.) a pathogen that causes mild, if any, symptoms. D.) a pathogen that does not contain recognizable epitopes.The whooping cough vaaccine and the MMR vaccine are what type of vaccines? a. conjugated b. natural c. globulin d. gamma e. whole cell / virusWhich of the following is true? a. conjugated vaccines are always those in which there is more than one vaccine anigen b. prevnar is conjugated vaccine c. conjugation involves ttaching a polysaccharide antigen to a carbohydrate carrier d. Conjugated vaccines tend to induce a poorer immune response than polysaccharide vaccine e. Pneumovax is a conjugated vaccine thank you!!!
- Which of the following statement regarding the whole-pathogen vaccine is/are correct (B) Live attenuated whole-pathogen vaccines are more effective to elicit a robust immune response, and often a single dose is sufficient. A and B are correct (A) Inactivated whole-pathogen vaccines are usually less immunogenic and often require booster doses/s A and C are correct (C) Inactivated whole-pathogen vaccines never cause disease but live attenuated vaccines always cause a mild disease.How do vaccines work in the body? How do they utilize adaptive immune response? Also, kindly give an example (i.e., COVID vaccines).Most immunizations require multiple exposures to the vaccine (i.e., boosters). Why is this the case?
- Which of the following types of vaccines have the greatest efficacy? (provides the best results). A) Inactivated whole agent vaccines B) conjugated vaccines C) Recombinant vaccines D) attenuated whole agent vaccinesWhich of these immunopathologies could be treated with a stem celltransplant?a. arthus reaction b. SCID c. anaphylaxis d. a and b only e. b and c onlyA researcher discovers that a breed of rabbits have antibodies that can neutralize HIV. The researcher decides to extract the antibody concentrated plasma and deliver it to a patient with HIV. What would you likely expect to see? a. The HIV patient will now have a fighting chance to eliminate HIV as the antibodies will not discriminate and bind to the same viral antigenic determinants. b. The HIV patient will form antibodies against the rabbit serum antibodies. c. The rabbit antibodies will opsonize the HIV antigenic determinants on the MHC II. d. The rabbit antibodies will never work because HIV in humans are different than HIV in rabbits.
- _____ describes the situation when the immune response generated against an influenza strain limits future antibody responses to variant epitopes of a different, but similar, strain. a. Attenuation b. Herd immunity c. Variolation d. Neutralization e. Original antigenic sin.In order for vaccines to work, they rely on buildup of ________. a. memory cells b. APC c. monocytes d. antibodies e. antigensAll of the following are descriptive of inactivated virus vaccines except _____. a. formalin-treated b. grown in cells from another animal c. heat-treated d. irradiated e. pathogenic virus required.