Which of the following is the best reason for using a plant to deliver a vaccine? A) Plants can deliver the highest quantity of antigen. B) Plants can be eaten and give gastrointestinal immunity.

Q: The information is on the second picture and the questions are on the first which are : 3) What is…

A: , antibodies are Y shaped molecules which are released in In response to the the antigen present in…

Q: All of the following are mechanisms used by pathogens to penetrate host defenses EXCEPT:   1.…

A: Correct answer is.. None of the other four answers (all are examples of how pathogens penetrate host…

Q: Is mother plant and stock plant same? How meristem culture produce virus free plants

A: Mother plant have the ability to grow more and more plant for the purpose of taking cuttings. The…

Q: What are drug resistant pathogens? What are three different molecular mechanisms an organism might…

A: Drug resistance pathogens are the pathogens or microbes which have resistance to antibody or drug,…

Q: What is the likely mechanism of spread of NDM-1?

A: NDM-1 is the protein product of a gene that some bacteria produce. A bacterial strain containing…

Q: Phagocytosis:  Multiple Choice   is the ingestion of particles and may be performed by animal…

A: phagocytosis is a critical component of the immune or inflammatory response in defending the…

Q: If graft qnd corruption are diseases, how do you propose to ameliorate their ravages? If they are…

A: Bribery, extortion, and nepotism are examples of graft and corruption, and they are characterized by…

Q: In terms of microbial pathogenicity, molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria…

A: Koch's postulates are four criteria that were designed to establish the causal relationship between…

Q: Draw and illustrate how latex agglutination works to bind to ASO and form agglutinates

A: Agglutination Test -- Tests are regarded as screening tests .There are many tests based on the…

Q: Some RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase enzymes make a lot of mistakes. Why would this work to the…

A: Virus is a microscopic organism which contains a protective coat and the nucleic acid. It doesn’t…

Q: Is mother plant and stock plant same? How meristem culture produce virus free plants. ( Subject:…

A: Tissue culture is a technique of growing tissues or cells in an artificial lab medium. Also called…

Q: The presence of non-self molecular patterns in different structures or regions of bacteral cell…

A: Pathogens  They are the harmful organisms which produces abnormalities in the other organism like…

Q: antibodies in biotechnology?

A: Biotechnology is a wide range of studies where it uses its techniques with biological systems to…

Q: Explain briefly the mechanism behind the clumping of blood after the addition of anti-sera

A: ABO system  Blood group A : antigen A and anti-B antibody  Blood group B : antigen B and anti-A…

Q: What part of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a potential target site for a vaccine? Explain your reasoning;…

A: Vaccine is a preparation which is responsible for producing the active acquired immune response in…

Q: If you get infected with the Covid-19 virus, cellular immunity is better designed to fight virally…

A: * corona virus COVID -19 have single stranded positive RNA enveloped virus. *Coronaviruses shows…

Q: What is the Coronavirus? Is it a living organism? How does it reproduce? The current vaccines that…

A: Note : Hi. Since you have asked many questions. The three first questions will be answered and if…

Q: How can the genome of a pathogen guide the vaccine designing ? How will the genome sequence…

A: The cellular mechanism in which the cell's internalization occurs and involved substances like…

Q: Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?

A: A virus is a very small submicroscopic agent that is known for causing infections in its host…

Q: 1) What is NDM-1? How can NDM-1 spread to different types of bacteria? 2) Why are Gram negative…

A: Antibiotic resistance is provided by beta-lactamase, which breaks the structure of antibiotics. A…

Q: Based on the diagram below multiple tissues and different organs can be transplanted.. Some of these…

A: Organ transplantation is done from one person to another to replace a damaged organ that has stopped…

Q: Virology:viruses were initially believed to not serve any essential function for their host.Today we…

A: virus, it is infectious agent of small size with  simple composition which can multiply only in…

Q: What are adenovirus vectors in gene therapy ?

A: Gene is a particular segment of deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) that is responsible for the…

Q: Which of the following is the best reason for using a plant to deliver a vaccine? Plants can harbor…

A: Introduction :- Vaccines help in stimulating the antibody production in human and other animals and…

Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of Development of genetically modified crops that are…

A: In biotechnology, genetically modified crops are defined as plants with modified DNA with the…

Q: What is a vector?  What is a zoonotic pathogen?  Example? (ha!)

A: Microbiology is a branch of biology that deals with the microorganism. Micro means small and ology…

Q: can Bifidobacterium longum  help fast-growing plants?

A: Bifidobacterium longum which is a gram positive and rod shaped bacteria usually found in human…

Q: How is host cell lysis triggered after bacteriophage invasion? What are the outcomes to bacterial…

A: Bacteriophage is a virus that infects and replicates bacteria and archaea. Bacteriophage comprises…

Q: Why do you think the researchers removed the genes for the three carbohydrate antigens, pig growth…

A: Commonly used pig breeds in research include Duroc, Yorkshire, Landrace, and crossbreeds. Domestic…

Q: What is the purpose of combining capsule polysaccharide molecules with toxoid proteins in a…

A: A conjugate vaccine is a substance that is composed of a polysaccharide antigen fused (conjugated)…

Q: What are the host-related and virulence -related factors associated with Neisseria meninigitidis ?…

A:

Q: Why was it so difficult to produce large quantities of the polio virus(for use in preparing…

A: Poliovirus is the causative agent of polio. It spreads most often from fecal-oral contact. Usually,…

Q: Rotavirus, a disease-causing member of the Reovirus family (with double-stranded RNA, but no DNA),…

A: Rotaviruses are members of Reoviridae family. They are nonenveloped particles. Rotaviruses causes…

Q: What is meant by resistant? Give the mechanism by which organisms develop resistance.

A: Antibiotics can be classified based on the mechanism of action. These functions include the…

Q: Which of the following molecules do you think would make good antigens for recognizing pathogens and…

A: Molecules which are chemically complex are immunogenic. Therefore foreign proteins and carbohydrates…

Q: How does having a capsule increase the virulence of a bacteria cell?   A capsule gives bacteria…

A: Certain bacteria possess an additional outer covering beyond their cell wall. This outer covering is…

Q: What are the mechanisms by which the attenuator forms when tryptophan levels are high and the…

A: Tryptophan is an amino acid. It is produced by many structural genes of an operon. An attenuator…

Q: What are the important differences among a recombinant liveattenuated vaccine, a vector vaccine, and…

A: Vaccination is the process of inoculating an individual with antigenic particles, which can elicit…

Q: It used to be that our only method of creating vaccines was to use dead or weakened pathogens.  That…

A: Yes, in earlier times the only way to create a vaccine was mimicking the infection for which the…

Q: Some microbes cover their antigen markers (protein configuration) with a carbohydrate based material…

A: Microbes are the organisms who can't be seen by naked eyes.

Q: What is antisense technology?

A: With the help of various techniques of biotechnology, many organisms are modified in terms of their…

Q: Which of the following statements are correct for a class V ssRNA (-) virus? it uses its genome…

A: Class V ssRNA (negative sense) viruses are not infectious. Their sequence is complementary to mRNA.…

Q: How do interleukins exert its therapeutic benefits inside the body By inhibiting tumor growth and…

A: Correct answer is B  Because interleukin stimulation the immune response and increase the number of…

Q: What is HIV?  Discuss what an immunochromatographic assay is  If a positive band appears in the test…

A: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that causes infection in humans. It is a virus…

Q: What is environmental resistance?

A: The natural environment encompasses all living and nonliving things occurring naturally. The term is…

Q: application of antibodies in biotechnology?

A: Antibody  An antibody is the soluble form of the B lymphocytes antigen receptor, and antibodies are…

Q: Which of the following antivirals blocks WBCs surfaces to which HIV should be bounded? a. Maraviroc…

A: The virus that attacks the body's immune system is known as human immunodeficiency virus. The Human…

Q: Why do you suppose microbiota transplantation is so effective?

A: Microbiota can be defined as a large variety of microorganisms living in a specific environment. It…

Q: Explain in detail about Sequence of host reaction following implantation of medical devices or…

A: Biomaterial refers to the medical device implanted in the living tissue. When biomaterials are…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.