How do interleukins exert its therapeutic benefits inside the body By inhibiting tumor growth and replication By increasing the number of natural killer cells and lymphocytes By preventing viral replication inside cells By producing antiviral proteins

Q: Biology Monoclonal antibodies are used clinically as for anti-tumor immunotherapy. Which of the…

A: What is not the mechanism or least effective mechanism of monoclonal antibodies to control the…

Q: Some Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) recognize nucleic acids, like RNA or DNA. Since our own…

A: The immune system is an important organ system in the body that plays a role in defense against…

Q: What are features of adaptive immunity? Select all that apply.   Antigen receptors are produced by…

A:

Q: What are drug resistant pathogens? What are three different molecular mechanisms an organism might…

A: Drug resistance pathogens are the pathogens or microbes which have resistance to antibody or drug,…

Q: What is the likely mechanism of spread of NDM-1?

A: NDM-1 is the protein product of a gene that some bacteria produce. A bacterial strain containing…

Q: On phagocytes and other cells, (?????) are receptors classified as part of the innate immune system…

A: The defense mechanism you were born with is called innate immunity, or nonspecific immunity. It…

Q: What is the effect of the changes in the structure of the immunoglobulin G and its function of…

A: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are large globular proteins with a molecular weight of about 150…

Q: Refer to the following illustration to answer the question. V2 S Rearranged DNA in B lymphocyte V250…

A: DNA is the genetic molecule which carries genetic information .

Q: From the standpoint of defending the human body, why would it be beneficial for the cells that line…

A: Toll-like (TLR's) receptors are present in the cell membrane, which plays an important role in the…

Q: According to Research and Development department analysis results, it was concluded that a two-stage…

A: a) They chose 2 stage approach because this 2 stage strategy involves division of plasma cell…

Q: levels of antibody to SARS-CoV2 has been used to treat patients with severe COVID-19. What is ONE…

A: The innate immune responses are the first line of defense against invading pathogens. They are also…

Q: What is intragenic suppression.?

A: Genes are the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. They carry coded genetic…

Q: What is the action mechanism of the antiretroviral drugs called protease inhibitors which are used…

A: A number of antiretroviral agents are used to treat HIV, although no complete cure for the disease…

Q: If you get infected with the Covid-19 virus, cellular immunity is better designed to fight virally…

A: * corona virus COVID -19 have single stranded positive RNA enveloped virus. *Coronaviruses shows…

Q: What is the function of COP II in cells?

A: Membrane trafficking causes the movement of various macromolecules, enclosed in membrane-bound…

Q: Can host-cell defense molecules be mobilized by drugs to fight infection?

A: Defense mechanism in a human body is divided into two main categories: Innate (the defense mechanism…

Q: What is the difference between natural killer cells and macrophages? Natural killer cells are not…

A: natural killer cells : Natural killer cells( NKC)) are lymphocytes , They are large granular…

Q: How is the gp120 protein important to HIV and its ability to confound the immune system?

A: Envelope glycoprotein GP120 is a glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope.

Q: how can we protect others and ourselves if we don't know who is infected with covid-19?

A: Coronavirus disease(COVID-19) is defined as an infectious disease that is caused by the recently…

Q: 31. Human cancer cell lines can be implanted into immunocompromised host mice in order to form…

A: Human tumor cells are transplanted into the body of an immunocompromised mice that do not reject…

Q: Which of the following drugs is a clinically-used monoclonal antibody for the treatment of breast…

A: Introduction:- Medicines directed towards (target) proteins on breast cancer cells that help them…

Q: How do T cells, NK cells and macrophages recognize and destroy cells?

A: Our body is defended against various attacks, internal as well as external by a very specialised…

Q: How would a baby benefit from a nursing mother receiving a vaccine for COVID-19?

A: There are not any information on the protection of COVID-19 vaccines in lactating mother or on the…

Q: What is the strategy in drug design to fight AIDS?

A: AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by the human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus. It…

Q: Which of the following does not accurately describe complement components?   A. made by the spleen…

A: The complement system is the major effectors of the humoral branch of immune system; this is the…

Q: why is the study of Immune checkpoint inhibitors important for basic immunology and human diseases

A: Commercial availability, longer life time, and high efficacy against cancer cells are only a few of…

Q: Attenuated organisms often provide a weak or short-lived immune response. Vaccines containing toxoid…

A: Attenuated organisms are used to make vaccines. The response created by them is weak (so that the…

Q: How are antibodies used as targeting molecules?  What are their advantages and disadvantages

A: There are many antibodies that are used for targeting specific antigen. These specific antibodies…

Q: What is the advantage (in terms of having an effective immune system) of having gene segments that…

A: Advantages of having gene segments which are result of recombinantion rather than pre decided genes…

Q: What is antiterminator hairpin ?

A: It is a secondary structure of RNA. It determines interaction in ribozyme and can help in RNA…

Q: Which of the following are functions of proteins in the body? A - Helping in cell movement B -…

A: Ans- Protein are made of amino acids that join together to form the long chains. There are around 20…

Q: How does HIV get past our 2nd and 3rd lines of immune defense? 1.by releasing its DNA into our…

A: HIV- It has two antigenic variants HIV-1 and HIV-2, It destroys the immune system and therefore the…

Q: Toll-like receptors represent an ancient pathogen-recognition system. The first pattern recognition…

A: The recent advancement of science has led to the discovery of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that…

Q: How do mRNA vaccine work?

A: Vaccine is a product that stimulates a person's immune system to produce immunity to a specific…

Q: Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the complement? A. The alternative route…

A:

Q: Poliovirus is highly cytopathic both in cultured cells and in animals. Inoculation of mice with…

A: Poliovirus (PV) can establish persistent infections in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells.…

Q: How does having herd immunity important with your battle with the COVID- 19 pandemic

A: *Immunity is a complex of biological system which have the the capacity to recognize and tolerate…

Q: As a nursing student how can you contribute to avert the spread and effects of COVID-19?

A: The whole world is suffering from this covid-19 and as per the rules and standards from the…

Q: What is the major challenge when it comes to long-term treatment of HIV and how is this overcome?

A: HIV stands for human immunodeficiency disorder and it is a medical condition in which the ability of…

Q: Describe the development of antibodies to a specificantigen.

A: Human body have their own system to protect themselves from harmful bacteria, Viruses which are…

Q: You are studying a gene mutation that alters macrophage phagocytosis in a mouse model. To increase…

A: Peritoneal Macrophages: Peritoneal macrophages are macrophages that live in the peritoneal cavity,…

Q: What is the function of the MHC antigens? Why are the genes that encode these antigens so variable?

A: Immunity can be defined as the presence of different components involved in different mechanisms for…

Q: Which of the following would you anticipate would be secreted through the Type III secretion system…

A: The type III secretion system  is an important virulence factor that enables some bacteria to…

Q: Attenuated agents may induce immunity after a single dose may cause disease in immunocompromised…

A: Attenuated agents are live but weakened agents or pathogens

Q: Please describe the defense role of RNAs in eubacteria and archaea by explaining how mechanistically…

A: Non-coding RNAs are central members in numerous cell measures inside organic entities from each of…