Which of the following provides the second signal for T-cell activation? Select one: a. TCR:MHC:peptide b. CD28:B7 C. LFA-1:ICAM-1 d. L-selectin:GlyCAM-1 e. CD4:MHCII
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- Which of the following is not a part of innate immunity? a. phagocytic cells e. inflammation b. fever f. complement activation c. histamines g. presenting antigen d. cytokines h. all take partAll of the following are characteristic of regulatory T cells except a. they express CD25 b. they facilitate the proliferation of naive T cells interacting with the same antigen-presenting cell c. they express CD4 d. they express the transcriptional repressor FoxP3 e. they express MHC class II-restricted T-cell receptors specific for self antigen.Of the following, which should NOT occur in order to facilitate T-cell selection in the thymus? A) positive-selection based on an interaction with MHC alone B) negative-selection based on a failed interaction with self-peptides in a MHC C) apoptosis of T-cells that fail to interact with MHC alone during positive selection. D) negative-selection based on an interaction with MHC containing a non-self peptide
- Which of the following statements regarding T cells activated by specific antigen is incorrect? a. They receive co-stimulatory signals through CD28. b. They suppress expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate (SIP). c. They take several days before differentiating into effector T cells. d. They cease to secrete and respond to interleukin-2 (IL-2). e. They begin to express CTLA4, which serves to limit T-cell proliferation.Which of the following explains why dendritic cells, but not macrophages or B cells, contribute to the activation of naive T cells? a. Macrophages and B cells do not express MHC class II molecules until they are activated. b. Dendritic cells upregulate B7 after engaging innate immunity receptors at sites of infection. c. Dendritic cells express higher levels of CTLA4. d. Macrophages and B cells do not process antigen. e. Dendritic cells use Toll-like receptors to hold antigen in place for extended periods of time.Which of the following is not used as a treatment for autoimmune diseases? Select one: A. Anti-IL2 receptor B. Anti-CD4 C. Anti-MHC D. Anti-CCR5 E. Anti-T cell receptor
- If a T-cell receptor on a double-positive thymocyte binds to a self-peptide:self-MHC class I complex with low affinity the result is a. negative selection and apoptosis b. cell proliferation c. rearrangement of the second β-chain locus d. positive selection of a CD4 T cell e. positive selection of a CD8 T cell.The T-cell co-receptor CD4 interacts with _______ bound to the surface of _______: a. MHC class I; antigen-presenting cells b. MHC class I; T cells c. MHC class II; antigen-presenting cells d. MHC class II; T cells e. none of the above.Which of the following is not associated with killing by a cytotoxic T cell? View Available Hint(s) for Part A granzyme CD95 perforin IL-4
- There are different pathways through which B cells can be activated, one of which is CD4 T - independent cells, in which the antigen is large and has repeating patterns that make crosslinking and activation of several BCRs at the same time. A.true B.falseAn adult who has been thymectomized will have a T-cell repertoire that _____. a. resembles a patient with DiGeorge syndrome b. is MHC-independent c. is dominated by γ:δ T cells d. fails to provide protective T-cell immunity e. is self-renewing and long lived and does not require replenishment from the thymus.Which of the following statements are true for antigen presentation. a. Antigen presentation means that other cells attach the pathogen first and present it to T cells. b. Antigen-presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor to B cells c. Antigen presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor on their surface. d. Antigen-presenting cells are phagocytic cells e. Antigen presentation is required for T cell activation f. Cytokines released by macrophages are required for T cell activation g. T cell receptors recognize the MHC receptors in complex with antigen fragments displayed by antigen-presenting cells. h. Phagocytic cells are involved in innate immunity. Therefore they have no role in T-cell activation