Which of the following specifically explains why glucose uptake into intestinal cells happens in only one direction. The Na+/Glucose transporter has a binding affinity for both Na+ and Glucose. The Na+/Glucose transporter will only undergo a conformational change when both Na+ and glucose are bound. Na+ ions are always present at higher concentrations OUTSIDE of the intestinal cells. Na+ ions are always present at higher concentrations INSIDE of the intestinal cells.
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- If a mutation in a sodium channel in an Intestinal epithelial cell caused a marked decrease In the concentration gradient of sodium across the plasma membrane, which of the following would you expect to observe? a decrease in Na/K ATPase activity. an increase in the movement of glucose across the basolateral membrane to the extracellular space an increase in sodium/glucose co-transport into the cell across the apical membrane a decrease in cytoplasmic glucose concentrationWhich of the following statements best describes the absorption of glucose? Absorption of glucose requires digestion by aminopeptidases on absorptive epithelial microvilli before absorption of the carbohydrate smaller units such as glucose. Absorption of glucose requires an electrochemical gradient of high extracellular K+ set up by primary active transport. Absorption of glucose occurs at villi and crypts mainly in the duodenum where amylases break down carbohydrates into glucose. Absorption of glucose occurs at the transporting epithelia in the small intestine and is a secondary active transport that requires a Na+gradientA chemical called ouabain inhibits the Na/K ATPase (the sodium-potassium pump). What would happen to glucose concentrations in the extracellular fluid (not the gut lumen) after exposure to ouabain, and why? Ouabain would cause intracellular sodium levels to rise, which would reduce the active transport of glucose from the gut, thereby decreasing glucose in the extracellular fluid. Ouabain would cause extracellular sodium levels to rise, which would reduce the active transport of glucose from the gut, thereby decreasing glucose in the extracellular fluid. Ouabain would cause intracellular sodium levels to rise, which would reduce the active transport of glucose from the cell to the extracellular fluid. Ouabain would cause intracellular sodium levels to rise, which would enhance the active transport of glucose from the gut, thereby increasing glucose in the extracellular fluid.
- Which of the following glucose transporter (GLUT) is present in beta cells of the pancreas? Select one: a. GLUT1 b. GLUT2 C. GLUT4 d. GLUT3Transport of glucose across the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells and into the vascular system requires which of the following conditions to occur? Select one: a. Sodium concentration on the inside of the epithelial cell is equal to that outside the basolateral membrane b. Sodium concentration is higher on the inside of the epithelial cell than on the outside of the basolateral membrane c. Sodium concentration inside the epithelial cell is lower than sodium concentration in the intestinal lumen d. Sodium concentration inside the epithelial cell is higher than that sodium concentration in the intestinal lumenWhich of the following are absorbed into epithelial cells of the intestinal villi, but not into the blood? Amino Acids Dipeptides Tripeptides Both dipeptides and Tripeptides Amino Acids and Tripeptides
- Consider the following nutrients: (water, simple sugar (glucose), amino acid, and fatty acid). Describe where each one is absorbed in the small intestine and which mechanism (active transport, facilitated diffusion, or simple diffusion) drives their movement into the bloodstream. Please be detailed with your explanationWhich of the following statements is/are TRUE?A. Cells in a resting metabolic state have low ATP and NADH.B. Cells in a highly active metabolic state have high ATP but low NADH.C. Cells in a highly active metabolic state has high NADH but low ATP.In the stomach, the dietary fats are emulsified by?A.peristalsisB.pancreatic lipaseC. bile saltsD. lingual lipaseIn order for the food to be processed and absorbed in an optimal way, there are several feedback mechanisms. One of the most important starts when the food reaches the small intestine, this is sometimes also called the intestinal phase. Describe what happens if the food that reaches the duodenum contains a lot of fat and a lot of protein. The answer must include: Which different mechanisms are affected by the respective stimuli (fat and protein) and how (increases or decreases the activity). What cell type senses stimuli and how these cells react. Which different signaling pathways (including the signaling substances involved) control the different mechanisms that are affected by the respective stimuli. Feel free to draw.
- During a study of digestion, a health 25-year-old woman volunteers to eat a large meal consisting of turkey dressing, sweet potatoes, mashed potatoes peas and rolls. She then has pecan pie and coffee. Gastric studies show an immediate response in this subject with the secretion of acid and pepsinogen. In addition toacetylcholine and gastrin which of the following substances is necessary for maximal acid secretion by the stomach in this woman?A) CholecystokininB) EnterokinaseC) HistamineD) PepsinogenE) SecretinWhich is a correct statement about the Na+/K+ transporter (pump), and its cytology and cellular role? It is found the basal side of intestinal epithelial cells, pumping Na+ out of the cell into the blood. It is found on the plasma membrane of neurons, pumping Na+ into axons from the blood. It is found on the membrane of the lysosome, pumping K+ into the lumen of the lysosome. It is found on the apical side of intestinal epithelia, pumping K+ into the lumen of the intestine.Which one of the following is found on cells that line the capillary wall of blood vessels adjacent to adipose tissue or muscle tissue that promotes release of fatty acids (FAs) from dietary triacylglycerols (TAGs) via hydrolysis? Chylomicrons Serum Albumin Bile Salts (Bile Acids) Prostaglandins Lipoprotein Lipase