Which of the following statements aboutexternal costs is TRUE?AEconomics uses the term "externalcost" to describe a spillover effectfrom market activity that is too smallto matter to society.BCDEconomics ignores the environmentalimpact of market activities by callingsuch impact an "external cost.”Economics does not provide guidancefor environmental policy since itstreats any environmental cost as an"external cost".None of the above statements aretrue.

Here's why the other options are incorrect:a) Incorrect: External costs can be significant and have…

Answered: Which of the following statements about…

Micro Economics For Today

10th Edition

ISBN:9781337613064

Author:Tucker, Irvin B.

Publisher:Tucker, Irvin B.

Chapter14: Environmental Economics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 17SQ

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Imagine a scenic canyon, visited by many local people as well as tourists from beyondthe local area. Consider a scenario in which a mining company has proposed to the localauthority that it be closed to the public and put into the production of coal. Thinking interms of economics as a way of adjudicating the relative value of one use of the canyon overthe other, what would you need to know in order to make a comparison or assessment?What kinds of quantitative data would inform your decision, and where might they comefrom? What kinds of things might you need to know that are hard to measure? Once youhave listed the kinds of information and data that might be available to inform this decision, do you think it would be sufficient to making this decision, why or why not?
Discuss any two of the eight infrastructure investments prioritised bythe NDP in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (Todaro &Smith, 2020:17). Answer the following Question:• Indicate to which degree each infrastructure investment alignswith one or more of the Sustainable Development Goals. Note: The chosen infrastrucutre investments are Transportation and sustainable cities and communities.
Explain how external costs and benefits affect the trade-offs faced byeconomic decision makers.
The climate policy toolkit has, to-date, mostly focused on demand side policies (i.e. policies that affect the pollution demand curve), some of which are ‘command-andcontrol’ and others are market based (e.g. cap-and-trade schemes, carbon taxes). (a) Explain what is meant by command-and-control in terms of a demand side climate change policy. What are the pros and cons of this as a policy option? (b) Using a diagram, explain how a carbon tax could help reduce pollution.
Please help with the calculations & working :) In this question there is a diagram with ‘y’ being the vertical axis representing costs/damages, and ‘P’ being a horizontal axis representing pollution. Abatement is the opposite of pollution, so if pollution falls from, say, 3 to 1 abatement rises by 2. 1. Suppose the marginal damage curve to private firms is MDP: y=0 and the marginal cost of abatement is MCA: y=1-P if P<1 and y=0 otherwise, where y is the vertical axis on a cost/damage scale, and P is the amount of pollution. Plot these curves and the equilibrium amount of pollution which is privately optimal for the firm. 2. Why is the marginal cost of abatement is downward sloping (with increasing pollution measured on the bottom axis as you go right). Give an example where this is a reasonable assumption 3. Suppose the marginal damage to society is MDS: y=P. Calculate the socially optimal amount of pollution. What ethical system does the ‘optimal amount of pollution’ belong? To…
For a product with external benefits like vaccines (positive externality),which of the following is true?Select one: Oa. The market equilibrium results in too much of the good compared to what is optimalOb. The market equilibrium results in too little of the good compared to what is optimal.Oc. The market will not provide the good; it must be publicly funded.O d. Large economies of scale work as a barrier to firm entry.
The marginal benefit of being able to emit a ton of sulphur dioxide emissions for twofirms are given by:MB_X = 320 – ( Ex / 3 )MB_Y = 500 – ( Ey / 2 )Note that these marginal benefit figures can be interpreted as marginal cost of abatingemission down to levels Ex and Ey.Government regulators want to reduce total sulfur dioxide emissions to a total of 1200tons.a) If the government imposes the same standard of 600 tons maximum emissions onboth firms what would be the total cost of abatement (calculated as the aggregatedmarginal benefits forgone)?b) If the government distributed 600 tradable pollution permits to each firm whatwould be the final allocation of these permits after the firms trade them? Whatwould be the total cost of abatement in this latter case?
. Some dissenting scientists at Environment Canada disagree with the estimate of $1.50 for theenvironmental externality. They believe that the incidence of the externality is not constant acrossdifferent levels of production; instead the size of the externality is proportional to the level of output.That is, the larger is the output, the larger is the externality. Their research suggests that the truesocial cost of cereal production diverges from private costs at every level of production by an amountequal to ten percent of production (note: ten percent, not ten percentage points).The government would like to know the economic effects of implementing a tax to internalise theexternality in this case. Draw the diagram for this market and policy. Solve for all relevant Ps and Qs.Calculate producer surplus
Respond to the question with a concise and accurate answer, along with a clear explanation and step-by-step solution, or risk receiving a downvote. Assume a reservoir’s water supply of 25,000 acre-feet of water can be used for municipal (m) and/or agricultural (a) purposes. The total benefits for each use are described as: TBa = 1000Wa – 0.025Wa2 So, the Marginal Benefit for agriculture is: MBa = 1000 – 0.05 Wa TBm = 1500Wm – 0.1Wm2 So, the Marginal Benefit for municipal purposes is: MBm = 1500 – 0.2 Qm Where Wa is acre feet of water used in agriculture and Wm is acre feet of water used for municipal purposes b. Suppose an additional 1,000 acre feet of water could be had by constructing a new reservoir. What is the new efficient allocation of water for each category of use?
High-income people are willing to pay more thanlower-income people to avoid the risk of death.For example, they are more likely to pay for safetyfeatures on cars. Do you think cost–benefit analystsshould take this fact into account when evaluatingpublic projects? Consider, for instance, a rich townand a poor town, both of which are considering theinstallation of a traffic light. Should the rich town usea higher dollar value for a human life in making thisdecision? Why or why not?
The problems with e.g."Acid rain" created by emissions of sulfur dioxide has been onemajor problem in Sweden, not least because emissions have occurred in other countries (eg England and Denmark) andthen transported here. Now assume that if one tonne of sulfur is emitted in England, it results in one (1) gram of sulfur deposition in Sweden. The corresponding deposit of one tonne of sulfur emissions in Denmark is assumed to be 3 grams. Suppose further that The socio-economic damage of one gram of sulfur deposit can be estimated at SEK 0.10.The marginal cost of reduce sulfur emissions in England is estimated at Z SEK per tonne, and in Denmark the equivalent is estimatedcost to 2Z SEK per tonne. Z indicates here the emission reduction in tonnes (eg in Denmark it would cost SEK 4 toreduce emissions by two tonnes). In other words, Z = 0 corresponds to the emission level where there is no reductionemissions occur. a) Suppose now that the European Union decides that Denmark and England…
Consider a binary choice to allow or not the emission of pollutants. The cost to consumers of allowing the pollution is C = 2,000, but this cost is only observable to the consumers. The benefit for the polluter of allowing the externality is B = 2,300, and only the polluter knows this benefit. Clearly, optimality requires this externality is allowed, since B > C. However, the final decision must be based on what each party chooses to reveal. a. Construct a tax-subsidy revelation scheme such that it is a dominant strategy for each party to report truthfully their private information. b. Show that this revelation scheme induces the optimal production of the externality. c. Show that this revelation scheme is unbalanced in the sense that the given equilibrium reports the tax to be paid by the polluter is less than the subsidy paid to the pollutee.

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