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- Which monetary policy tool can the Federal Reserve use to conduct an expansionary monetarypolicy (please state at least one instrument)? Which monetary policy instrument can the Fed useto conduct a restrictive monetary policy? Assume the country is experiencing highunemployment and a recession, such as during 2001, 2008-2009, and 2020. What is the Fedlikely to do in this scenario? Discuss the effects of such policy on the economy. Can you givea specific example to what the Fed did during any of those recessions? This is not a writing, it is economic.Occasionally, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)sets a policy designed to “track” the interest rate. This meansthat the FOMC is pursuing policies designed to keep the interestrate constant. If, in fact, the Fed were acting to counter anyincreases or decreases in the interest rate to keep it constant,what specific actions would you expect to see the Fed take if thefollowing were to occur? (In answering, indicate the effects ofeach set of events on Y, C, S, I, Ms, Md, and r.)a. An unexpected increase in investor confidence leads to asharp increase in orders for new plants and equipment.b. A major New York bank fails, causing a number of worried peo-ple (not trusting even the FDIC) to withdraw a substantialamount of cash from other banks and put it in their cookie jarsSuppose that the current money market equilibrium features an interest rate of 5 percent anda quantity of $2 trillion. If the Fed raises the discount rate, which of the following is mostlikely to be the new money market equilibrium? Group of answer choices An interest rate of 4 percent and a quantity of $2.5 trillion. An interest rate of 6 percent and a quantity of $1.5 trillion. An interest rate of 3 percent and a quantity of $3 trillion. An interest rate of 5 percent and a quantity of $2 trillio
- If the Fed sells Treasury bills then O only the market rate of interest on Treasury bills will fall. O the price of Treasury bills will rise and the market rate of interest on Treasury bills will fall. O the price of Treasury bills will fall and the market rate of interest on Treasury bills will rise. Oonly the price of the Treasury bill will fall.a) Which of the follwing monetary policy actions can be used to close an inflationary gap?O No change in the money supply to keep interest rates constant.ODecrease the money supply to decrease interest rates,OIncrease the money supply to increase interest rates.O Increase the money supply to decrease interest rates.O Decrease the money supply to increase interest rates. b) Assume the economy is initially at full-employment equilibrium. Suppose the economy slows down and uncertainty increases, reducing consumption and investment expenditures, in the short run, this shock willcause the economy to fall below full enployment. To move the economy to a full-employment equilibrium, the Fed could:O. decrease government spendingO. increase corporate tax ratesO. lower the federal fund rate targetO. increase government spending O. raise interest ratesThe quantity theory of money: What is the key endogenous variable in the quan-tity theory? Explain the efect on this key variable of the following changes: (a) Te money supply is doubled.(b) Te velocity of money increases by 10%.(c) Real GDP rises by 2%.(d) Te money supply increases by 3% while real GDP rises by 3% at thesame time
- Suppose that the reserve requirement for checkingdeposits is 10 percent and that banks do not hold anyexcess reserves.a. If the Fed sells $1 million of government bonds,what is the effect on the economy’s reserves andmoney supply?b. Now suppose that the Fed lowers the reserverequirement to 5 percent but that banks chooseto hold another 5 percent of deposits as excessreserves. Why might banks do so? What is theoverall change in the money multiplier and themoney supply as a result of these actions?D) what kind of monetary policy might be helpful to stabilize the economy ( expansionary or contractionary)? E) what specific monetary policy tools does the federal reserve have available to use in this scenario? F) explain in detal, how should the federal reserve use each ofthese tools to maximize their effect in stabilizing the economy, what will be the likely effect of each monetary tool's use on the money supply , and the resulting impact on the economySuppose that this year’s money supply is $500 billion,nominal GDP is $10 trillion, and real GDP is $5 trillion.a. What is the price level? What is the velocity ofmoney?b. Suppose that velocity is constant and theeconomy’s output of goods and services rises by5 percent each year. What will happen to nominalGDP and the price level next year if the Fed keepsthe money supply constant?c. What money supply should the Fed set next yearif it wants to keep the price level stable?d. What money supply should the Fed set next yearif it wants inflation of 10 percent?
- Suppose that the money demand function is(M/P)d = 1,000 - 100r, where r is the interest rate in percent. Themoney supply M is 1,000 and the price level Pis 2.a. Graph the supply and demand for real moneybalances.b. What is the equilibrium interest rate?c. Assume that the price level is fixed. Whathappens to the equilibrium interest rate if thesupply of money is raised from 1,000 to 1,200?d. If the Fed wishes to raise the interest rate to7 percent, what money supply should it set?Which monetary policy tool can the Federal Reserve use to conduct an expansionary monetary policy (please state at least one instrument)? Which monetary policy instrument can the Fed use to conduct a restrictive monetary policy? Assume the country is experiencing high unemployment and a recession, such as during 2001, 2008-2009, and 2020. What is the Fed likely to do in this scenario? Discuss the effects of such policy on the economy. Can you give a specific example to what the Fed did during any of those recessions?Now, consider an economy in which the demand for money is of the formY(1 + it)for t = 0, 1, 2, · · · , where output is 150 and it denotes the nominal interest rate inperiod t. The REAL INTEREST RATE, denoted r, is constant and equal to 4%. In period0 and 1, the money supply is 100 and people expect that money supply wouldbe 100 forever. People have rational expectations. In period 2, the central banksurprises people and sets the money supply will grow at 2 percent forever, that is,M0 = 100, M1 = 100, M2 = (1.02)M1, M3 = (1.02)M2, and so on. A. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 1,and expected inflation in period 2, given the information available in period1, π1, i1,M1 / P1, and, E1π2. B. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 2,and expected inflation in period 3, given the information available in period 2. (π2, i2, M2 / P2 and E2π3.) C. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, and real money…