Which of the following statements regarding capital structure is(are) correct? Choose all correct answer(s). Airlines have very high leverage because they have very stable cash flows and low probability of financial distress Assume that United States adopted a dividend imputation system, the tax benefit of debt financing would decrease on average. Other things equal (i.e. identical leverage and identical asset value), an iron ore company's financial distress O cost is likely to be higher than a gold mining company because iron ore company's beta is likely to be higher than that of the gold mining company. Companies' actual leverage ratios often deviate from their optimal ratios but over the long-run they tend to adjust the leverage ratios toward their optimal levels.

Which of the following statements regarding capital structure is(are) correct? Choose all correct answer(s). Airlines have very high leverage because they have very stable cash flows and low probability of financial distress Assume that United States adopted a dividend imputation system, the tax benefit of debt financing would decrease on average. Other things equal (i.e. identical leverage and identical asset value), an iron ore company's financial distress O cost is likely to be higher than a gold mining company because iron ore company's beta is likely to be higher than that of the gold mining company. Companies' actual leverage ratios often deviate from their optimal ratios but over the long-run they tend to adjust the leverage ratios toward their optimal levels.

Fundamentals Of Financial Management, Concise Edition (mindtap Course List)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781337902571

Author:Eugene F. Brigham, Joel F. Houston

Publisher:Eugene F. Brigham, Joel F. Houston

Chapter13: Capital Structure And Leverage

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14SP: WACC AND OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE Elliott Athletics is trying to determine its optimal capital...

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Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. WACC calculations should be based on the before-tax costs of all the individual capital components. b. Flotation costs associated with issuing new common stock normally reduce the WACC. c. An increase in the risk-free rate will normally lower the marginal costs of both debt and equity financing. d. A change in a company's target capital structure cannot affect its WACC. e. If a company's tax rate increases, then, all else equal, its weighted average cost of capital will decline.
It has been suggested that in a world with only corporate taxation the value of the firm = the value of all equity financed + the present value of tax shield on debt finance How far do existing capital structures of companies compare with the most appropriate structure according to the equation?
Which of the following is most correct about the cost of capital? The cost of debt reflects the interest rates on debt capital before taking into account the tax effects. Cost of capital is affected by the required rates of return of each of the source of capital, regardless of the capital structure. The capital asset pricing model is the most widely used model to estimate the cost of common equity. To minimize the cost of capital, firms should borrow more than their capacity because increasing the lower cost of debt yields the lowest cost of capital, thus, enhances shareholder value.
Which of the following statements is correct? a. As Modigliani and Miller made clear in their original work, capital structure does not matter in perfect capital markets. Thus, if capital structure does matter, then it must stem from a market imperfection. b. Because corporations pay taxes on their profits after interest payments are deducted, interest expenses increase the amount of corporate tax firms must pay. c. To determine the loss due the leverage for the value of the firm, we must compute the present value of the stream of future interest tax shields the firm will receive minus the stream of future dividends. d. By increasing the amount paid to debt holders through interest payments, the amount of the pre-tax cash flows that must be paid as taxes increases. e. In general, the gain to lenders from the tax deductibility of interest payments is referred to as the interest tax benefit.
Which of the following about optimal capital structure is incorrect? Optimal capital structure is the mixed of debt and equity capital that minimizes the firm’s weighted average cost of capital A company that follows the pecking order theory will use external financing thru debt after exhausting all the possible financing thru equity The management empire-building theory views high interest payments as to prevent management from unreasonable spending A company can take advantage of its high corporate tax rate as tax shield, under the trade-off theory
Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Group of answer choices Since debt capital can cause a company to go bankrupt but equity capital cannot, debt is riskier than equity, and thus the after-tax cost of debt is always greater than the cost of equity. The tax-adjusted cost of debt is always greater than the interest rate on debt, provided the company does in fact pay taxes. If a company assigns the same cost of capital to all of its projects regardless of each project’s risk, then the company is likely to reject some safe projects that it actually should accept and to accept some risky projects that it should reject. Because no flotation costs are required to obtain capital as retained earnings, the cost of retained earnings is generally lower than the after-tax cost of debt. Higher flotation costs tend to reduce the cost of equity capital.
Suppose that a new government is elected and it changes the law applying to firms to:• Allow dividend payments to be tax deductible• Stop interest expense on debt from being tax deductibleHolding other factors constant, and assuming that firms seek to maintain an optimal capital structure in accordance with trade-off theory, what would you expect to happen to the debt ratio of a firm with both equity and debt in its capital structure?a. An increase in the debt ratiob. A decrease in the debt ratioc. The debt ratio would be unchangedd. The debt ratio would doublee. None of the above or it is not possible to say
All of the following are true of the trade-off capital structure theory EXCEPT the idea is to obtain the lowest weighted average cost of capital (WACC). most companies attempt to meet the optimal capital structure when raising new capital. a company with many assets for collateralization could choose a target capital structure with more debt than the optimal structure would suggest. target capital structure accounts for individual- and industry-specific factors.
How does a cost-efficient capital market help reduce the prices of goods and services? Describe the different ways in which capital can be transferred from suppliers of capital to those who are demanding capital. Is an initial public offering an example of a primary or a secondary market transaction? Indicate whether the following instruments are examples of money market or capital market securities. a. US Treasury bills b. Long-term corporate bonds c. Common stocks d. Preferred stocks e. Dealer commercial paper Briefly explain what is meant by the term efficiency continuum.
When one uses the after-tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC) to value a levered firm, the interest tax shield is: Multiple Choice A) capitalized by the levered cost of equity. B) not accounted for by the use of the WACC. C) automatically considered because the after-tax cost of debt is included within the WACC formula. D) considered by deducting the interest payment from the cash flows.
Which of the following would reduce a firm's WACC after tax? a. A firm invests in an average-risk project using equity, rather than debt financing. b. A supermarket chain decides to establish hardware stores which increases its systematic risk. c. A firm issues shares and uses the proceeds to pay off a bank loan. d. A firm issues bonds and uses the proceeds to repurchase stock. e. A firm significantly improves its operating cost control to boost profits.
For a typical firm, which of the following sequences is CORRECT? All rates are after taxes, and assume that the firm operates at its target capital structure rs: Cost of equities new stock issuance re: Cost of equities retained earnings rd: Cost of debts WACC: Weigthed average costs of capital rs > re rd WACC re rs > WACC rd. WACC > re> rs >rd. rd >rers > WACC