Which of the following statements regarding Darwin and his theory of evolution is false? Darwin proposed that species adapt over time Darwin proposed that natural selection produces changes in species over time Darwin noticed that South American species of birds more closely resembled species found in other temperate regions than a European species of birds Darwin was the original and sole developer of the theory of natural selection

Which of the following statements regarding Darwin and his theory of evolution is false? Darwin proposed that species adapt over time Darwin proposed that natural selection produces changes in species over time Darwin noticed that South American species of birds more closely resembled species found in other temperate regions than a European species of birds Darwin was the original and sole developer of the theory of natural selection

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter18: Introduction To Darwinian Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4TYU: Which of the following is not part of Darwins mechanism of evolution? (a) differential reproductive...

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House sparrows (Maya) were introduced to North America in 1852. Since that time thesparrows have evolved different characteristics in different locations. Sparrow populations inthe north are larger-bodied than sparrow populations in the south. This divergence inpopulations is probably at least partly a result of natural selection: larger-bodied birds canoften survive lower temperatures than smaller-bodied birds can. Colder weather in the northmay select for larger-bodied birds. What type of evolution based on natural selectionaccounts for this observation? Explain your answer.
Which of the following is not an observation orinference on which natural selection is based?(A) There is heritable variation amongindividuals.(B) Poorly adapted individuals never produceoffspring.(C) Species produce more offspring than the environment cansupport.(D) Only a fraction of an individual’s offspring may survive.
The elaborate tail of the peacock (Pavo cristatus) is approximately 120 cm to 150 cm long, while the tail ofthe peahen is quite short. The long tail reduces the male bird’s ability to maneuver and fly and makes him moreconspicuous to predators. Suggest at least one reason why this cumbersome structure has not been eliminatedby natural selection.
The term natural selection is sometimes confused with the termevolution. Discuss the meanings of these two terms. Explain how theterms are different and how they are related to each other
List the three categories of observations made by Darwinthat support evolution by natural selection.
Define the concept of natural selection in your ownwords, and explain how it follows logically from a fewcommon observations of nature.
Comparedto a hypothesis, a scientific theory is usually more general and substantiated by amuch greater amount of evidence. Natural selection is an explanatory idea thatapplies to all kinds of organisms and is supported by vast amounts of evidence ofvarious kinds.
Compare Darwin’s description of natural selection asquoted on page 765 with Wallace’s description of the tendency of varieties to depart from the original type quotedbelow it, on the same page. What ideas do they have incommon?
Consider Theodosius Dobzhansky’s remark, “Nothing in biologymakes sense except in the light of evolution.” Why is evolution soimportant to the field of biology? Give some specific examples of howthe theory of evolution helps us to make sense of biology.
Darwin’s idea on evolution by natural selection has been disproven when it comes to the origin of life because Pasteur discredited spontaneous generation.A) True.B) True, with regards to origin of life only; natural selection applies to later lifeC) False. Pasteur’s experiment discredited ideas that complex organisms (e.g., mice) could arise in weeks or months later from inanimate matter (e.g., cloth) or from other organisms (e.g., grain). Pasteur’s experiment does not discredit the possibility of simple life evolving over billions of year
Which of the following statements is not compatible with Darwin's theory? a.All organisms have arisen by descent with modification . b.Evolution has altered and diversified ancestral species. c.Evolution occurs inindividuals rather than in groups. d.Natural selection eliminates unsuccessful variations. e.Evolution occurs because some individuals function betterthan others in a particular environment.
Recent reconstructions of evolutionary history are often dependenton assigning divergence in terms of changes in amino acid ornucleotide sequences. For example, a comparison of cytochromec shows 10 amino acid differences between humans and dogs,24 differences between humans and moths, and 38 differencesbetween humans and yeast. Such data provide no information asto the absolute times of divergence for humans, dogs, moths, andyeast. How might one calibrate the molecular clock to an absolutetime clock? What problems might one encounter in such acalibration?