Histology
Histology is the microanatomy method and a branch of biology that studies the anatomy of tissues. It includes viewing tissue in a magnified view under the microscope. Microanatomy also includes the process of study of organs called organology and the study of cells called cytology. Histopathology is a branch of biology that includes microscopic identification of diseased tissue. The field of histology comprises the preparation of the tissues and collection of cells as specimens for examination under the microscope. These processes are done by technicians like histologists, histotechnicians, and biomedical scientists. Histopathology is the diagnosis and research of tissue diseases that require the examination of tissues and/or cells under a microscope. Histopathologists are in charge of determining tissue diagnosis and assisting clinicians in managing a patient's care.
Endocrine System
Human body functions due to the collective work of the organ systems. One of them is the endocrine system. It is a chemical messenger system constituting the hormones directly released by the endocrine glands into the circulatory system. The study of this system is known as endocrinology. The word 'endon' means inside, and 'crine' means secrete, making the word "endocrine."
Tissue is a level of the organization after cells in multicellular living organisms are formed when a group of cells with similar structures act together to perform one function. There are four types of tissues in the human body, namely epithelial tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, and muscle tissue. Each tissue has its specific function and further organize to form specific organs.
The epithelial tissues are cellular layers found throughout the body covering all the internal as well as external surfaces such as skin, organs, hollow organs, vessels, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, etc. The tissue is composed of epithelial cells that have diverse shapes and arrangements depending on their location and function in the body.
- Squamous epithelial cells are flat and scale-like
- Cuboidal epithelial cells are cube-shaped
- Columnar epithelial cells are column-like.
In addition to this, epithelial tissues can be stratified, meaning they form multiple layers, or they can be simple, consisting of a single layer of cells.
Epithelial cells are known for their ability to form tight junctions, which are specialized protein complexes that connect neighboring cells together. These tight junctions create a barrier that regulates the movement of molecules between cells. They help maintain the integrity and selective permeability of epithelial barriers, allowing them to act as protective barriers against pathogens, toxins, and other harmful substances.
The endothelium layer of simple squamous is found covering the cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, alveoli of lungs, kidney tubules lining, and capillaries lining. While the mesothelium lines the serous surface of body cavities and internal organs. The stratified squamous is the most common stratified epithelium composed of a cuboidal or columnar basal layer and squamous apical layers. The top layer of stratified squamous can sometimes be keratinized like in the skin or maybe non-keratinized like in the mouth. In contrast, simple cuboidal tissue single layer of cuboidal cells that are actively absorbing and secreting molecules and thus are found in kidney tubules and gland ducts for the secretion of hormones.
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