Q: List the three types of transport processes that involve carrier proteins in the renal tubule and…
A: The transport processes are used to transport one substance from one place to another. Some of the…
Q: Briefly explain how cAMP increase permeability to water in the epthelial cell of renal tubules?
A: The cAMP is a second messenger. They are intracellular signalling molecules that are released by the…
Q: What are the two intrinsic mechanisms that provide auto regulation of glomerular filtrate? Explain…
A: Intrinsic control is the autoregulation of the GFR (glomerular filtration rate). Urine is formed at…
Q: How does aldosterone affect the volume of urine excreted?
A: Introduction: Aldosterone is the major mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex (zona…
Q: Summarize the control and major renal tubular effects of aldosterone?
A: Aldosterone is a steroid hormone, secreted by the Adrenal cortex. It is the major mineralocorticoid…
Q: List the sequence of events leading from increased renin secretionto increased aldosterone…
A: The functions of kidneys are regulated controlled by juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) by operating a…
Q: Describe Renal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Ions?
A: Phosphate is a charged particle (ion) that contains the mineral phosphorus. The body needs…
Q: Where does urea recycle back into the tubules from the collecting duct?
A: The urea transporter protein causes the movement of urea across the cell membrane. About half of…
Q: What are the main actions of the renin–angiotensin– aldosterone pathway? Compare the actions of this…
A: The RAAS pathway is the pathway which helps in the regulation of the fluid balance and blood…
Q: In response to hemorrhagic shock, the kidneys produce a small volumeof very concentrated urine.…
A: Haemorrhagic shock occurs when the body loses excessive blood due to heavy injury. There are four…
Q: how cAMP increase permeability to water in the epthelial cell of renal tubules? define
A: The aquaporins (AQPs) allows majority of reabsorption of water occurring in the nephron. In the…
Q: What causes GHRH to be released from neurosecretory nerve terminals of these actuate neurons?
A: There are various hormones that are released by the body and all the initiating hormone is…
Q: Identify the tubular transport mechanisms that are hormonally regulated.
A: Tubular transport mechanisms that are hormonally regulated.
Q: Explain why the total renal blood flow can be measured by the renal plasma clearance of PAH.
A: Total renal blood flow can be defined as the total amount of blood received by kidneys per unit of…
Q: Explain the Summary of the renin-angiotensin system and the stimulation of aldosterone secretion by…
A: The Renin-Angiotensin system is as system which is used to maintaining the blood volume and systemic…
Q: How do Na-H exchangers on the luminal surface of tubular cells promote bicarbonate reabsorption in…
A: The Na+/H+ exchange aids NaCl reabsorption and luminal surface of the tubular cells. The NHE3 (in…
Q: Explain how the renal tubule is adapted to secretehydrogen ions.
A: Renal tubule : A small tubule in the kidney that contain cells that filter and clean the blood .…
Q: Describe the effect of ADH on renal collecting tubules
A: Renal collecting tubules comprises of different tubular parts of the nephrotic system or kidney that…
Q: What is the mechanism of water reabsorption, and how is it coupled to Na1 reabsorption?
A:
Q: Why do individuals with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secrete…
A: SIADH - syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone it is caused due to following.
Q: The Na+-glucose transporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 are located at different levels of the kidney proximal…
A: Introduction :- Kidney is the main organ of excretion and osmoregulation in vertebrates through…
Q: Why is this statement false? Without the renal medullar osmotic gradient, you would not be able to…
A: The main function of the nephrons of the Kidneys to form urine which is primarily made up of urea.…
Q: Beyond stimulating aldosterone secretion, list the effects of ANG II. Give examples and brief…
A: The RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) is operated by JGA (juxtaglomerular apparatus). The…
Q: What is autoregulation in the kidney? What other regulatory mechanisms are at work in renal…
A: Kidneys are the primary organs of the excretory system.
Q: What is the mechanism of Na1 reabsorption, and how is thereabsorption of other solutes coupled to…
A: To define: To define the mechanism of Na1 reabsorption and the reabsorption of other solutes coupled…
Q: Explain why the differential permeability of specific sections of the renal tubule is necessary to…
A: The Kidney is one of the major organs of excretion present in the body. The basic unit of the…
Q: What two processes determine how much sodium excreted per unit time
A: The excretion rate of sodium depends on its bulk reabsorption in the loop of Henle and proximal…
Q: Describe the Renal Regulation of K1?
A: Renal regulation is the key process, done by the kidneys.
Q: What controls the secretion of aldosterone under these circumstances?
A: Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that is discharged from the external layer of the adrenal cortex…
Q: Why did the addition of ADH also affect the concentration of potassium in the urine (compared with…
A: Aldosterone is a steroid drug. It regulates the balance of minerals in the body. It is produced by…
Q: how cAMP increase permeability to water in the epthelial cell of renal tubules? explain
A: The pair of kidneys are bean shaped red organs that are placed on abdominal region. They play a key…
Q: how does aldosterone affect water and sodium reabsorption and secretion of potassium in the…
A: Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that is produced in the cortex region of the adrenal gland. Its…
Q: Why is creatinine clearance a good estimate of glomerular filtration rate?
A: Creatinine is the chemical compound that is left behind after the energy producing cells in the…
Q: Aldosterone is required to restore water from loop of Henle, and reabsorption of Na+ from this…
A: Aldosterone is a steroid hormone. Its main role is to regulate salt and water in the body, thus…
Q: From the previous question, In which section of the kidney tubules does this potassium movement…
A: The main function of the kidney involves the filtration of blood. It contains millions of nephrons…
Q: What is the relationship between plasma creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate?
A: The fundamental structural and operational unit of the kidney is the nephron. They are tiny…
Q: From the previous question, In which section of the kidney tubules does this phosphorus movement…
A: In the body phosphate is present in three ionic forms: H2PO4-, HPO42- and PO43-. Phosphate together…
Q: Explain the mechanism by which allopurinol can prevent excess uric acid formation.
A: Allopurinol It is a medication which is used to decrease the production of uric acid. It relieves…
Q: Why is there an increased risk of drug toxicity in the laterstages of renal failure?
A: Renal failure There are many etiological factors responsible for renal failure such as, systemic…
Q: The relationship between ADH and the tubular re-absorbtion of water?
A: Nephron is the functional subunit of the kidney. It is involved in the formation of urine.
Q: ADH and RAAS exert their effects on urine formation in the kidney
A: Kidneys help in eliminating waste from the body through the formation of urine.
Q: hypovolemia or to an increase in the osmolality of the blood. Provide three possible mechanisms by…
A: Renin production and integration are synchronized, yet regulated on a different time scale. Renin…
Q: How does ANP control kidney function? Please include all outlined factors in explanation
A: Atrial natriuretic peptide or ANP is a hormone which helps in restoring the atrial pressure is the…
Q: What do natriuretic peptides do in relation to sodium and water homeostasis?
A: The water content within the body is highly regulated by different homeostasis mechanism that…
Q: What is the quantity of creatinine excretion in 24 hours relatively constant for normal person?
A: Creatinine is a non-protein nitrogenous compound that is formed by the breakdown of creatine in…
Q: Contrast the mechanism of reabsorption for glucose and urea. Which one shows a Tm, and why?
A: Renal filtration is a process in which water and solutes are removed from the blood plasma as it…
Q: true or false Aldosterone is required to restore water from loop of Henle, and reabsorption of Na+…
A: Aldosterone is a steroid hormone. It affects the body's ability to regulate blood pressure. It sends…
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- VISUALIZE Draw a diagram showing the sequence of structures that a drop of glomerular filtrate passes through as it moves from Bowmans capsule to the urinary bladder.Which of these three paracrine chemicals cause vasodilation? ATP adenosine nitric oxideContractile vacuoles in microorganisms: exclusively perform an excretory function can perform many functions, one of which is excretion of metabolic wastes originate from the cell membrane both b and c
- 36. What are the two main functions of the loop of Henle? ----------------- A. Create a low salt concentration in the medulla and reabsorb some salt and water B. Create a high salt concentration in the medulla and reabsorb water C. Create a high salt concentration in the renal cortex and reabsorb some salt and water D. Filter cellular wastes from blood in the capillaries and reabsorb some salt and water E. All are correct depends on the segment of the loop of Henle30, With respect to renal autoregulation, myogenic mechanism refers to Multiple Choice both glomerulus increase of blood flow and macula densa secreting renin are correct ability of macula densa to sense a increase in Na+ content in tubular fluid and secrete renin in response ability of a muscle to contract reflexively without nervous stimulation to adjust blood vessel diameter ability of glomerulus to increase blood flow and increase filtration rateIn a person with diabetes mellitus, what would be causing polyuria? Glucose has saturated the secondary active transporters in the PCT that move glucose into the cells, increasing the concentration gradient between the filtrate and the ISF or Glucose has saturated the secondary active transporters in the PCT that move glucose into the cells, reducing the concentration gradient between the filtrate and the ISF
- 17.During an experiment study of oxyge consumption in the kidney, experimental animals are ventilated with 100% nitrogen. Cells from which of the following areas of the kidney are most likely to show the first signs of anoxic injury? A) Bowman's Capsule B)Distal conuvulated tubule C) Efferent arterioles D) Glomerulus E) Proximal TubuleDescribe the effect of hypernatremia onextracellular fluid volume and on intracellularfluid volume.19. List the concentrations for interstitial and intracellular fluids of the following ions: Na ,K,Cl,Ca,HCO3, HPO4, and pH
- a 54 year old man develops vomiting and diarrhea over a 24 hour period. his serum sodium concentration is 140 mEq/L. Intravenous infusion of isotonic saline is initiated . which of the following changes and intracellular and extracellular fluid volume is most likely to result from this infusion a ICF volume : decreased , ECF decreased b. ICF volume :increased , ECF decreased c. ICF volume : increased , ECF. increased d. ICF volume : increased , ECF. no change e. ICF volume : no change , ECF increased37. Which of the followings is correct about chloride reabsorption from the loop of Henle? A. Cl– is reabsorbed through the chloride channels of cells of the thick segment of loop of Henle B. Cl– is reabsorbed through paracellular gaps of the thick segment of loop of Henle C. Cl– is reabsorbed through Na–K–2Cl cotransporter in the basolateral membrane of the thick segment of loop of Henle D. All of the above is are correct E. None of the above is correct1.What is the role of the renal system in regulating potassium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid [ECF]? a. Kidneys filter and excrete excess potassium ions into the urine. b. Kidneys respond to aldosterone by not excreting any potassium ions into the urine. c. Kidneys reabsorb all potassium ions into the urine. d. Kidneys excrete water molecules through aquaporins in the collecting duct. 2.Identify the cardiac dysrhythmia most associated with hypomagnesemia.