Q: What is creatinine, and what might an increase in its concentration in the blood suggest about renal…
A: Kidney is the chief excretory organ in the humans. Nephrons are the structural and functional unit…
Q: What effect does an overproduction of the hormone aldosterone have on the concentration of sodium…
A: Aldosterone is made by the adrenal gland which regulates the blood pressure by increasing the salt…
Q: Briefly explain how cAMP increase permeability to water in the epthelial cell of renal tubules?
A: The cAMP is a second messenger. They are intracellular signalling molecules that are released by the…
Q: What are the sources of creatinine excreted in the urine?
A: Muscle contraction requires the use of energy and it is obtained from different sources. The waste…
Q: List the Pathways by which decreased plasma volume leads, via the renin-angiotensin system and…
A: Aldosterone is the primary mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. It maintains the ratio…
Q: How does aldosterone affect the volume of urine excreted?
A: Introduction: Aldosterone is the major mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex (zona…
Q: List the sequence of events leading from increased renin secretionto increased aldosterone…
A: The functions of kidneys are regulated controlled by juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) by operating a…
Q: how does Diabetes mellitus causes renal failure?
A: A type of kidney disease caused by diabetes is known as diabetic kidney disease [DKD], chronic…
Q: Explain anti-diuretic hormone.
A: A chemical substance that is secreted in an organ and carried by the blood to various tissues of the…
Q: What chemical substances normally are present in urine?
A: Normal human urine is formed of water (nearly 96%), organic wastes (2.5%), inorganic salts (1.5%),…
Q: How might dehydration cause the development of kidney stones?
A: The excretory framework is an aloof natural framework that eliminates overabundance, superfluous…
Q: Explain how the nervous system and the excretory system have to work together to maintain water…
A: Hypothalamus controls the activity of the pituitary gland. Pituitary gland is attached to middle of…
Q: What effect does an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the volume of extracellular fluid…
A: Antidiuretic hormone: - This hormone is released in the posterior pituitary gland and formed by…
Q: kidneys in human beings are used for which purpose?
A: The bean-shaped organ in the renal system is kidneys. The kidneys are present in the retroperitoneal…
Q: how cAMP increase permeability to water in the epthelial cell of renal tubules? define
A: The aquaporins (AQPs) allows majority of reabsorption of water occurring in the nephron. In the…
Q: Under what condition do the kidneys produce dilute urine?
A: The concentrated urine means there are more solutes present and less water in the sample. The…
Q: Explain the Summary of the renin-angiotensin system and the stimulation of aldosterone secretion by…
A: The Renin-Angiotensin system is as system which is used to maintaining the blood volume and systemic…
Q: How Did The Addition Of Aldosterone Affect Urine Volume(compared with baseline)? Can the…
A: Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that is responsible for the regulation of salt and water balance of…
Q: How do Na-H exchangers on the luminal surface of tubular cells promote bicarbonate reabsorption in…
A: The Na+/H+ exchange aids NaCl reabsorption and luminal surface of the tubular cells. The NHE3 (in…
Q: What are the other uses of measuring creatinine excretion?
A: Creatinine is a non-protein nitrogenous compound that is produced by the breakdown of creatine in…
Q: Why do individuals with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secrete…
A: SIADH - syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone it is caused due to following.
Q: Write the summary of the renin-angiotensin system and the stimulation of aldosterone secretion by…
A: RAAS system is called the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system. This system is activated in the body…
Q: How would the characteristics of the urine differin untreated diabetes mellitus and…
A: Food contains complex molecules that have to be broken down into simpler forms. The process of…
Q: What factors may explain the difference in serum and urine creatinine levels?
A: Creatinine is a non-protein nitrogenous compound that is toxic and is produced by the breakdown of…
Q: Why did the differential renal vein renin test show an increase in the blocked renal artery side…
A: Renal vein renin test compare the renin release from two kidneys. It is the ratio of the measurement…
Q: What controls the secretion of aldosterone under these circumstances?
A: Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that is discharged from the external layer of the adrenal cortex…
Q: What three hormones do the kidneys secrete into the blood?
A: The hormone is the biological messenger of the body. It is manufactured in specific locations of the…
Q: How does hyperaldosteronism (excessive aldosterone secretion) cause edema?
A: Hormones are your body's synthetic couriers. They head out in your circulatory system to tissues or…
Q: What three hormones/factors do the kidneys secrete into the blood?
A: Calcitriol is an active form of vitamin D, which is released by kidneys that helps to absorb the…
Q: What is Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) ?
A: Atrial natriuretic hormones are secreted from the cells in the right atrium of the heart when the…
Q: What hormone decreases the blood pressure by increasing urination?
A: Blood pressure:It is defined as the pressure of the blood inside the arteries.
Q: how does aldosterone affect water and sodium reabsorption and secretion of potassium in the…
A: Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that is produced in the cortex region of the adrenal gland. Its…
Q: Where do hormones ADH, PTH, and Aldosterone have their target cells (where do they act in the…
A: Maintaining a correct water balance within the body is very important to avoid dehydration or…
Q: Is acute tubular necrosis a prerenal or intrarenal cause?
A: Acute tubular necrosis is defined as damage to the tubular structure of the nephrons because of…
Q: What are the main functions of the excretory system, elaborate?
A: All vertebrates have a pair of kidneys for excretion. They help to regulate the level of body fluids…
Q: What is the principal determinant for the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland? Does…
A: It is a hormone made by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in the posterior pituitary gland.…
Q: a. What is the effect of aldosterone on sodium, potassium and water reabsorption in the kidneys? a.…
A: a. Aldosterone acts on renal tubules to cause an increase in reabsorption of sodium ions and water…
Q: High serum uric acid levels are linked to _____________,_____________, _____________, _____________,…
A: The breakdown of purines forms the uric acid which is removed by the kidneys as a waste byproduct.…
Q: Why is there an increased risk of drug toxicity in the laterstages of renal failure?
A: Renal failure There are many etiological factors responsible for renal failure such as, systemic…
Q: What function of the kidneys could explain why her blood calcitriol levels were low?
A: Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D.It is normally produced in proximal tubular cells of…
Q: Why is albumin not normally present in the urine?
A: Answer:-Albumin is a protein found in the blood. A healthy kidney doesn't let albumin pass from the…
Q: What is the significance of abnormality of high concentration of uric acid in the urine
A: A uric acid test measures the amount of uric acid in the body. Uric acid is a chemical that is…
Q: What do natriuretic peptides do in relation to sodium and water homeostasis?
A: The water content within the body is highly regulated by different homeostasis mechanism that…
Q: What is the function of NaCl in urine formation?
A: Urinary system involves in the clearing or filtering the blood and ridding of wastes that produced…
Q: Why does bladder exstrophy occur?
A: Urinary bladder is a part of excretory system that tends to store urine till it is passed out…
Q: What is the effect of sympathetic activation on kidney function?
A: The kidney is in charge of the urinary system's main functions. The remaining components of the…
Q: What will happen to urine production if ADH is higher or lower than normal?
A: Antidiuretic hormone is also called vasopressin.It is a hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus but…
Why did the addition of ADH also affect the concentration of potassium in the urine (compared with baseline)?
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- What factors may explain the difference in serum and urine creatinine levels?What effect does an overproduction of the hormone aldosterone have on the concentration of sodium and potassium in the blood?What is creatinine, and what might an increase in its concentration in the blood suggest about renal function?