Which type of brain waves are prevalent when an individual isin deep sleep?a. theta and alphab. beta and deltac. theta and deltad. alpha and delta
Which type of brain waves are prevalent when an individual is
in deep sleep?
a. theta and alpha
b. beta and delta
c. theta and delta
d. alpha and delta
The naturally occurring altered state of mind with characteristics such as little muscle activity, altered consciousness, inhibited sensations, etc. is known as sleep. In contrast, the alert state of mind where the body has muscle activity, consciousness, is able to perceive sensations is known as wakefulness. The body repeats between periods of wakefulness and sleep, which is regulated by the circadian clock.
Sleep can be characterized into two broad stages: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep. The first stage of sleep is the non-REM sleep. Non-REM sleep is known as deep sleep once it crosses a transitional period. The characteristics of deep sleep include reduction in heart rate and body temperature, restoration of ATP in the brain, secretion of growth hormone, etc. REM sleep is the part of the sleep time that occurs for a shorter duration and is responsible for dreams and nightmares.
During sleep, though the brain's activity is limited, waves are emitted by the oscillatory activity of neurons in the brain. Such waves are known as brain waves. The brain waves can be measured using an electroencephalogram. The brain waves are not emitted uniformly. Different brain waves with different frequencies.
Deep sleep or slow wave sleep is the third and fourth stages of sleep. During this period, neurons in the brain emit delta waves, which are low frequency (0.5 to 4 Hz), high amplitude waves. Delta waves may originate in the cortex or thalamus. The occurrence of delta waves stimulates the release of hormones such as the growth hormone releasing hormone and prolactin (from the hypothalamus). Theta waves, which have a frequency of 4-7 Hz also appear during the slow wave sleep. In humans, theta waves are generated mainly by neurons in the hippocampus. Hence, they are associated with formation of memory.
Hence, option c is the correct answer.
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